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分类： LINUX
2009-05-25 09:52:00
s3c2410 RTC驱动框架linux内核源码分析（ZZ） 原文地址不详
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/******************************************************************************
* @Description:s3c2410的rtc驱动的实现，rtc(real time clock)实时时钟的驱动是个很好的
* 理解如果编写驱动的硬件，它包括了最基本的硬中断，软中断的底层机制；
* s3c2410的RTC驱动的实现个人认为更是对linux设备驱动一个很好的例子，他是通过*二层结构来实现的一个驱动，上层是一个arm common的公共层，对上提供标准的通用的*RTC操作接口，下层由我们来实现针对自己的chip和自己要提供的功能来实现的一层驱动；
*
* @FileTree:
**********************************************************************************************************
linux-2.6.14.6
|
|--arch
| |
| |--arm
| | |--mach-s3c2410
| | | |-devs.c //包含了对各个部件的resource的分配和定义，在这看rtc的资源；
| | |--common
| | | |-rtctime.c //一个arm平台的通用rtc函数层，它对上隐藏了各种soc的rtc driver的区别；
| | |--kernel
| | | |-time.c //内核的初始化例程time_init()会调用的xxx_cmos_xxx函数的实现；定义了全局自旋锁rtc_lock用来串行化所有CPU对RTC的操作
|
|--drivers
| |--char
| | |-s3c2410-rtc.c //具体的s3c2410上的rtc chip的驱动实现,如果需要在arm平台的板子上实现一个驱动，改写它就ok了。
| |
|
|--include
| |--asm-arm
| | |--arch-s3c2410
| | | |-regs-rtc.h //S3C2410 Internal RTC register definition refer to datasheet;
| | |-rtc.h //arm平台rtc操作抽象层rtctime.c对应的.h
| |--linux
| | |-time.h //mktime的实现；
| | |-rtc.h //公用RTC .h
*
*[小结]
*1)提供给user的接口，在arch/arm/common/rtctime.c,include/asm-arm/rtc.h中实现，调用操作硬件驱动在drivers/char/s3c2410-rtc.c,include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/regs-rtc.h实现;
*2)提供给kernel的接口，在arch/arm/kernel/time.c,include/linux/time.h中实现，调用操作硬件驱动在drivers/char/s3c2410-rtc.c,include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410/regs-rtc.h实现;
**********************************************************************************************************
*
* @Author: liyangth@gmail.com
*
* @Function List:
*
*
*
*
* @Changelog:
* 2007-06-24 LiYang First version
*
* @FQA:
* [50%]Q1.在驱动中要将设备注册到总线，必须将设备封装成struct device_driver；调查这个结构体中的每个成员.
* [0%]Q2.在板子（什么类型）上什么样的设备要用总线（什么类型）注册？
* [90%]Q3.
* struct device --总线设备
* struct device_driver --总线设备驱动
* struct platform_device --平台设备
* struct resource --平台资源
*
* [！0%]Q4.初始化rtc register的函数的后面的flag具体控制什么? (在s2s65a里是否可以用它控制是softReset or hardwareReset)
*
* [0%]Q5.什么时候调用suspend, resume?
**********************************************************************************************************/
/**//*****************************************************************************
* Structures & Unions & Enums (#typedef)
*/
/**//*[include/linux/device.h]
*总线设备驱动结构体，将它注册到板子的总线上
*/
static struct device_driver s3c2410_rtcdrv = ...{
.name = "s3c2410-rtc",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.bus = &platform_bus_type, //总线类型，貌似不用管
.probe = s3c2410_rtc_probe, //自检->初始化REG->注册到上一层
.remove = s3c2410_rtc_remove, //注销
.suspend = s3c2410_rtc_suspend, //[挂起？？？]
.resume = s3c2410_rtc_resume, //[重起？？？]
};
/**//*[/include/asm-arm/rtc.h]
*底层特别操作集，将他注册到上层的arm common操作层
*/
static struct rtc_ops s3c2410_rtcops = ...{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = s3c2410_rtc_open,
.release = s3c2410_rtc_release,
.ioctl = s3c2410_rtc_ioctl,
.read_time = s3c2410_rtc_gettime,
.set_time = s3c2410_rtc_settime,
.read_alarm = s3c2410_rtc_getalarm,
.set_alarm = s3c2410_rtc_setalarm,
.proc = s3c2410_rtc_proc,
};
/**//*****************************************************************************
* Global Variables
*/
s3c2410-rtc.c
|
|/**//* IRQ Handlers */
|-s3c2410_rtc_alarmirq(int irq, void *id, struct pt_regs *r)
| |
| |-rtc_update(1, RTC_AF | RTC_IRQF); //获得中断标志，和唤醒read阻塞，异步通知；
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_tickirq(int irq, void *id, struct pt_regs *r)
|
|/**//* Update control registers,与硬件实现有关，refer to datasheet */
|-s3c2410_rtc_setaie(int to)
|-s3c2410_rtc_setpie(int to)
|-s3c2410_rtc_setfreq(int freq)
|
|/**//* 实现了要插到上层arm common层的具体的硬件操作,来填充struct rtc_ops，这个具体与硬件相关的操作集会用
| register_rtc注册到上层的 */
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_gettime(struct rtc_time *rtc_tm)
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_settime(struct rtc_time *tm)
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_getalarm(struct rtc_wkalrm *alrm)
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_setalarm(struct rtc_wkalrm *alrm)
|
|/**//*
| * 插入到上层ioctl中的ioctl,上层中已经通过这个driver中的gettime,settime在其ioctl中实现了取得和设置时间
| *，和一些共同的ioctl操作了
| * 所以我们在这只要实现与硬件不同部分的ioctl操作 */
|-s3c2410_rtc_ioctl(unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_proc(char *buf)
|-s3c2410_rtc_open(void)
| |
| |1.注册申请闹钟中断ISQ --s3c2410_rtc_alarmirq
| |2.周期中断ISQ --s3c2410_rtc_tickirq
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_release(void)
|
|/**//* Initialize RTC Regs */
|-s3c2410_rtc_enable(struct device *dev, int en)
| |
| |-if(!en)
| |/**//*before power off, the RTCEN bit should be cleared to
| | 0 to prevent inadvertent writing into RTC registers.*/
| |1.将控制R的RTCEN位清0;
| |
| |2.disable interrupt.
| |
| |-else /**//* re-enable the device, and check it is ok */
| |
| |1.将控制R的RTCEN位致1。
| |
| |2.BCD count select.--0=Merge BCD counters
| |
| |3.RTC clock count reset.--0=noreset
| |
|
|
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_probe(struct device *dev)
| |[??]struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev); //通过这个设备找到它宿主平台的大设备；
| | struct resource *res;
| |
| |/**//* find the IRQs,RTC有2中中断，周期中断和闹钟中断 */
| |-s3c2410_rtc_tickno = platform_get_irq(pdev, 1); //从平台上取得一个IRQ号给这个设备；
| |
| |/**//* get the memory region */
| |-res = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0);
| |
| |/**//* 向内核申请资源空间 */
| |-s3c2410_rtc_mem = request_mem_region(res->start, res->end-res->start+1,
pdev->name); //res->start这些资源的分配和在哪个段下，可以看../mach-s3c2410/devs.c
| |
| |/**//* 然后将物理地址映射到虚拟地址，这样驱动和内核就可以看到设备的I/O regs了 */
| |-s3c2410_rtc_base = ioremap(res->start, res->end - res->start + 1);
| |
| |/**//* 初始化设备regs */
| |-s3c2410_rtc_enable(dev, 1); //可以用后面这个1(这个flag在s2s65a中可以用ram0-7来保存，掉电不清的)来控制是softreset还是hardwarereset.
| |
| |-s3c2410_rtc_setfreq(s3c2410_rtc_freq); //设定RTC周期频率；
| |
| |/**//* 最关键的一步，将与具体不同的底层硬件相关的设备驱动注册给arm通用操作层common/rtctime.c */
| |-register_rtc(&s3c2410_rtcops);
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_remove(struct device *dev)
| |-unregister_rtc(&s3c2410_rtcops); //从上一层将s3c2410的rtc的device dirver operation set拔下来。
| |
| |-s3c2410_rtc_setpie(0); //disable 周期中断
| |
| |-s3c2410_rtc_setaie(0); //disable alarm interrupt
| |
| |-iounmap(s3c2410_rtc_base);
| |
| |-release_resource(s3c2410_rtc_mem);
| |
| |-kfree(s3c2410_rtc_mem); //[MQA]哪块kmalloc了呢，为什么这要free?
|
|
|#ifdef CONFIG_PM //如果电源控制开关打开
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_suspend(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state, u32 level)
| |
| |if (level == SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN) //SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN在include/linux/device.h（generic, centralized driver model）中定义，这个里面是否是对设备的一些公用的行为的操作宏的定义呢？
| | |1.保存周期中断寄存器的值；
| | |
| | |2.从RTC中读出时间
| | |-s3c2410_rtc_gettime(&tm); //[local variable]struct rtc_time tm;
| | |
| | |3.将从RTC取出的时间Convert Gregorian date to seconds since 01-01-1970 00:00:00.
| | |-rtc_tm_to_time(&tm, &time.tv_sec); //[arch/arm/common/rtctime.c]
| | |
| | |4.将系统时间和RTC时间的差值保存到s3c2410_rtc_delta里;
| | |-save_time_delta(&s3c2410_rtc_delta, &time);
| | |
| | |5.启动RTC，注意这次启动后面的falg为0了；
| | |-s3c2410_rtc_enable(dev, 0);
|
|
|-s3c2410_rtc_resume(struct device *dev, u32 level)
| |
| |1.启动RTC，注意这次启动后面的falg为1了；
| |-s3c2410_rtc_enable(dev, 1);
| |
| |2.从RTC中读出时间
| |-s3c2410_rtc_gettime(&tm);
| |
| |3.转换
| |-rtc_tm_to_time(&tm, &time.tv_sec);
| |
| |4.利用在suspend中保存的delta来恢复系统时间
| |-restore_time_delta(&s3c2410_rtc_delta, &time);
| |
| |5.恢复周期中断寄存器的值；
|
|[LiY]
|suspend(暂停，挂起)和resume(恢复，再开始)有点象关机前保存现场和开机后再恢复现场一样；
|
|#else
|#define s3c2410_rtc_suspend NULL
|#define s3c2410_rtc_resume NULL
|#endif
|
|
|module_init(s3c2410_rtc_init)
|-s3c2410_rtc_init
| |-driver_register(&s3c2410_rtcdrv);
| | |[purpose]register driver with bus;
|
|module_exit(s3c2410_rtc_exit)
|-s3c2410_rtc_exit(void)
| |-driver_unregister(&s3c2410_rtcdrv)
/**//*****************************************************************************
* Extern Function Details
*/
/**//**[drivers/base/driver.c]
* driver_register - register driver with bus
* @drv: driver to register
*
* We pass off most of the work to the bus_add_driver() call,
* since most of the things we have to do deal with the bus
* structures.
*
* The one interesting aspect is that we setup @drv->unloaded
* as a completion that gets complete when the driver reference
* count reaches 0.
*/
int driver_register(struct device_driver * drv)
...{
klist_init(&drv->klist_devices, klist_devices_get, klist_devices_put);
init_completion(&drv->unloaded);
return bus_add_driver(drv);
}
/**//**[drivers/base/platform.c]
* platform_get_irq - get an IRQ for a device
* @dev: platform device
* @num: IRQ number index
*/
int platform_get_irq(struct platform_device *dev, unsigned int num)
...{
struct resource *r = platform_get_resource(dev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, num);
return r ? r->start : 0;
}
/**//**[drivers/base/platform.c]
* platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device
* @dev: platform device
* @type: resource type
* @num: resource index
*/
struct resource *
platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev, unsigned int type,
unsigned int num)
...{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) ...{
struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i];
if ((r->flags & (IORESOURCE_IO|IORESOURCE_MEM|
IORESOURCE_IRQ|IORESOURCE_DMA))
== type)
if (num-- == 0)
return r;
}
return NULL;
}
/**//*[../include/linux/ioport.h]
* Resources are tree-like, allowing
* nesting etc..
*/
struct resource ...{
const char *name;
unsigned long start, end;
unsigned long flags;
struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;
};
/**//**[arch/arm/kernel/time.c]
* save_time_delta - Save the offset between system time and RTC time
* @delta: pointer to timespec to store delta
* @rtc: pointer to timespec for current RTC time
*
* Return a delta between the system time and the RTC time, such
* that system time can be restored later with restore_time_delta()
*
*[LiY]返回一个系统时间和RTC时间的差值，在重起或系统去读RTC后，可以再用这个差值(delta)来恢复系统时间(系统时间不一定非要和RTC时间相同的);
*/
void save_time_delta(struct timespec *delta, struct timespec *rtc)
...{
set_normalized_timespec(delta,
xtime.tv_sec - rtc->tv_sec,
xtime.tv_nsec - rtc->tv_nsec);
}
/**//***[arch/arm/kernel/time.c]
* restore_time_delta - Restore the current system time
* @delta: delta returned by save_time_delta()
* @rtc: pointer to timespec for current RTC time
*/
void restore_time_delta(struct timespec *delta, struct timespec *rtc)
...{
struct timespec ts;
set_normalized_timespec(&ts,
delta->tv_sec + rtc->tv_sec,
delta->tv_nsec + rtc->tv_nsec);
do_settimeofday(&ts);
}
/**//*
*[arch/arm/common/rtctime.c]
*/
void rtc_update(unsigned long num, unsigned long events)
...{
spin_lock(&rtc_lock);
rtc_irq_data = (rtc_irq_data + (num << 8)) | events;
spin_unlock(&rtc_lock);
wake_up_interruptible(&rtc_wait);
kill_fasync(&rtc_async_queue, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
}
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