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移植环境：
主机：CentOS 5.1
交叉编译器：arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1
开发板平台：S3C2440（YL-2440/YLP-2440开发板）
开始移植
1. 下载最新的busybox1.9.2，并解压缩。
下载busybox源代码：
交叉编译工具：同内核
解压源码：tar -jxvf busybox-1.9.2.tar.bz2
2. 修改Makefile中的174行的 arch和编译工具链头。
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-
3. make menuconfig. 修改编译配置选项。
Busybox Setting----->
build option-->
[ ] Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)
[*] Build shared libbusybox
[*] Produce a binary for each applet, linked against libbusybox
[*] Produce additional busybox binary linked against libbusybox
[ ] Build with Large File Support (for accessing files > 2 GB)
installation option-->
[*] Don't use /usr
Applets links (as soft-links) --->
(./_install) BusyBox installation prefix
Busybox Library Tuning --->
MD5: Trade Bytes for Speed
[*] Faster /proc scanning code (+100 bytes)
[*] Support for /etc/networks
[*] Support for /etc/networks
[*] Additional editing keys
[*] vi-style line editing commands
[*] History saving
[*] Tab completion
[*] Username completion
[*] Fancy shell prompts
Linux Module Utilities --->
[*] Support version 2.6.x Linux kernels
[*] insmod
[*] Enable load map (-m) option
[*] Symbols in load map
[*] rmmod
[*] lsmod
[*] lsmod pretty output for 2.6.x Linux kernels
[*] modprobe
[ ] Multiple options parsing
[ ] Fancy alias parsing
--- Options common to multiple modutils
[ ] Support tainted module checking with new kernels
[ ] Support version 2.2.x to 2.4.x Linux kernels
[*] Support version 2.6.x Linux kernels
其他的用默认值
4．编译busybox
[kevin@localhost busybox-1.9.2]# make install
在busybox/_install 目录下会生成我们需要的文件。
5. 修改_install/bin/busybox的属性。为4755
chmod 4755 ./_install/bin/busybox
必须要要修改属性，否则在busybox中很多命令会受限制，比如：
$ su
su: must be suid to work properly
6．建立root fs的文件系统所需的目录和文件。
Mkdir /nfsroot
Mkdir /nfsroot/s3c2440
在root文件夹中建立基本的目录
[root@centos s3c2440]# ls
bin dev home linuxrc proc sbin tmp var
boot etc lib mnt root sys usr
6. 以root身份建立节点文件/dev/console, /dev/null
mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1
mknod -m 666 dev/null c 1 3
7. 建立配置文件如下：
[root@centos etc]# more profile
#!/bin/sh
#/etc/profile:system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells
echo
echo -n "Processing /etc/profile......"
# Set search library path
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib
# set user path
export PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
#Set PS1
USER = "`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
PS1='[\u@\h\W]\$'
PATH=$PATH
echo "Done!"
[root@centos etc]# more init.d/rcS
#!/bin/sh
# set hostname, needed host file in /etc directory
#./etc/host
hostname `cat /etc/host`
# mount all filesystem defined in "fstab"
echo "#mount all......."
/bin/mount -a
#+yangdk
/bin/chmod 0666 /dev/null
echo "# starting mdev...."
/bin/echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s
/usr/etc/init
echo "******************************************"
echo " yangdk linux-2.6.24.4 boot "
echo " 2008-5-9 "
echo " "
echo "******************************************"
[root@centos etc]# more
fstab host inittab passwd shadow
group init.d/ mdev.conf profile
[root@centos etc]# more fstab
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /tmp ramfs defaults 0 0
none /var ramfs defaults 0 0
mdev /dev ramfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
[root@centos etc]# more inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::respawn:-/bin/sh
tty2::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r
::shutdown:/bin umount -a -r
::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
[root@centos etc]# more ../usr/etc/init
#!/bin/sh
ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.111 up
ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
8．建立文件/etc/mdev.conf，内容为空
[root@centos etc]# vi mdev.conf
9．复制主机/etc/下面的文件passwd, group, shadow文件到/etc
[root@centos etc]# cp /etc/group .
[root@centos etc]# cp /etc/passwd .
[root@centos etc]# cp /etc/shadow .
ok，所需要的文件都已经建立ok了
[root@centos etc]# ls
fstab group host init.d inittab mdev.conf passwd profile shadow
10.复制刚刚编译的busybox到/root目录下
[root@centos _install]# sudo cp -Rfv * /nfsroot/s3c2440
11.因为是编译的时候使用的是动态链接。所以先看看/busybox/_install/bin/busybox使用了哪些lib，然后从glibc复制相应的lib到/nfsroot/s3c2440/lib中。
[root@centos bin]# /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux-gnu-readelf -d busybox
Dynamic section at offset 0xb8014 contains 22 entries:
Tag Type Name/Value
0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library:[libcrypt.so.1]
0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libm.so.6]
0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]
0x0000000c (INIT) 0xc04c
0x0000000d (FINI) 0xa26f0
0x00000004 (HASH) 0x80e8
0x00000005 (STRTAB) 0xa384
0x00000006 (SYMTAB) 0x8b24
……
……
……
复制lib 文件到lib目录下：
[root@centos lib]cp /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/ld* .
[root@centos lib]cp /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/libc-2.3.2.so .
[root@centos lib]cp /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/libc.so.6 .
[root@centos lib]cp /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/libm * .
[root@centos lib]cp /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/arm-linux/lib/libcrypt* .
12．使用工具mkcramfs将整个s3c2440文件夹制作成文件系统
[root@centos nfsroot]# mkcramfs s3c2440 fs_2.6.24.4_busybox.cramfs -e 2.6.24.4
下载并烧录到nandflash中。启动…
Read chip id = ec76
Nand flash status = c0
Set boot params = root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc load_ramdisk=0 console=ttySAC1,115200 mem=65536K devfs=mount
Load Kernel...
Linux version 2.6.24.4 (root@centos) (gcc version 3.4.1) #49 Wed May 7 18:57:08 CST 2008
CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177
Machine: SMDK2410
ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; please update your bootloader.
Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
CPU S3C2440A (id 0x32440001)
S3C244X: core 400.000 MHz, memory 100.000 MHz, peripheral 50.000 MHz
S3C24XX Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
CLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL on
CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 sets
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 16256
Kernel command line: root=/dev/mtdblock2 init=/linuxrc load_ramdisk=0 console=ttySAC1,115200 mem=65536K devfs=mount
irq: clearing pending ext status 0005f600
irq: clearing subpending status 0000009a
irq: clearing subpending status 00000092
PID hash table entries: 256 (order: 8, 1024 bytes)
timer tcon=00590000, tcnt a2c1, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001eb8
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
console [ttySAC1] enabled
Dentry cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Memory: 64MB = 64MB total
Memory: 61628KB available (2824K code, 299K data, 120K init)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
net_namespace: 64 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
S3C2410 Power Management, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
S3C2440: Initialising architecture
S3C2440: IRQ Support
S3C2440: Clock Support, DVS off
S3C24XX DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004,2006 Simtec Electronics
DMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33
DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34
DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35
DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
TCP reno registered
NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)
JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) 漏 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered
s3c2410-lcd s3c2410-lcd: no platform data for lcd, cannot attach
s3c2410-lcd: probe of s3c2410-lcd failed with error -22
lp: driver loaded but no devices found
ppdev: user-space parallel port driver
Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 4 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
s3c2440-uart.0: s3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.1: s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2440
s3c2440-uart.2: s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2440
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
loop: module loaded
Cirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)
+yangdk-->debug:PP_IntNum: 21844
+yangdk-->debug2:PP_IntNum: 21840
eth0: CS8900A rev E at 0xe0000300 irq=53, addr: 00: 0:3E:26:0A: 0
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
ide: Assuming 50MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
S3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2440-nand s3c2440-nand: Tacls=1, 10ns Twrph0=4 40ns, Twrph1=1 10ns
NAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit)
NAND_ECC_NONE selected by board driver. This is not recommended !!
Scanning device for bad blocks
Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":
0x00000000-0x00030000 : "Bootloader"
0x00030000-0x00200000 : "Linux kernel"
0x00200000-0x02000000 : "Linux rootfs"
0x02000000-0x04000000 : "User"
usbmon: debugfs is not available
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCI
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000
usb usb1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: slave address 0x10
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: bus frequency set to 390 KHz
s3c2440-i2c s3c2440-i2c: i2c-0: S3C I2C adapter
S3C2410 Watchdog Timer, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronics
s3c2410-wdt s3c2410-wdt: watchdog inactive, reset disabled, irq enabled
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem) readonly.
Freeing init memory: 120K
init started: BusyBox v1.9.2 (2008-04-16 00:31:28 CST)
starting pid 766, tty '': '/etc/init.d/rcS'
#mount all.......
chmod: /dev/null: No such file or directory
# starting mdev....
+yangdk--->debug:request_irq successful
******************************************
yangdk linux-2.6.24.4 boot
2008-5-9
******************************************
starting pid 776, tty '': '/bin/sh'
Processing /etc/profile......-/bin/sh: USER: not found
Done!
[root@yangdk/]#
