学海无涯 个人blog lnmps.com 新站
分类: NOSQL
2013-09-17 17:02:54
原文地址 http://ylw6006.blog.51cto.com/470441/1086455/
Redis主从架构持久化存在一个问题,即前次测试的结论,持久化需要配置在主实例上才能跨越实例保证数据不丢失,这样以来主实例在持久化数据到硬
盘的过程中,势必会造成磁盘的I/O等待,经过实际测试,这个持久化写硬盘的过程给应用程序带来的影响无法忍受;因而在大多数场景下,会考虑把持久化配置
在从实例上,当主实例宕机后,通过手动或者自动的方式将从实例提升为主实例,继续提供服务!当主实例恢复后,先从原从实例上同步数据,同步完成后再恢复到
原始的主从状态!要实现这种的要求,需要有keepalive的配合,一方面keepalive提供了VIP,可以避免修改应用程序连接,同时redis
实例的配置文件监听部分也需要修改为全网监听;另一方面keepalive定时调度脚本来监控主从实例的状态,根据具体情况进行切换!本文将重点介绍下使
用keepalive实现redis主从自动failover!
环境介绍
操作系统版本均为:rhel5.4 64bit
redis版本:2.6.4
redis实例端口均为:6379
redis实例密码均为:123
VIP:192.168.1.120
主实例为server11(192.168.1.112)
从实例为server12(192.168.1.113,开启快照持久化)
一:安装keepalive软件,server11安装完成后直接scp至server12上即可
- [root@server11 ~]# wget
- [root@server11 ~]# tar -zxvf ../tarbag/keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
- [root@server11 ~]# cd keepalived-1.1.19/
- [root@server11 ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived && make && make install
二:配置主节点server11配置文件
- [root@server11 ~]# cat /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
- global_defs {
- router_id LVS_DEVEL
- }
- vrrp_script Monitor_redis {
- script "/usr/local/scripts/redis_monitor.sh"
- interval 2
- weight 2
- }
- vrrp_instance VI_1{
- state MASTER
- interface eth0
- virtual_router_id 51
- mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.112
- priority 100
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS
- auth_pass password_123
- }
- track_script {
- Monitor_redis
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.1.120
- }
- notify_fault /usr/local/scripts/redis_fault.sh
- notify_stop /usr/local/scripts/redis_stop.sh
- }
三:配置从节点server12配置文件
- [root@server12 ~]# cat /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- ! Configuration File for keepalived
- global_defs {
- router_id LVS_DEVEL
- }
- vrrp_script Monitor_redis {
- script "/usr/local/scripts/redis_monitor.sh"
- interval 2
- weight 2
- }
- vrrp_instance VI_1{
- state BACKUP
- interface eth0
- virtual_router_id 51
- mcast_src_ip 192.168.1.113
- priority 99
- advert_int 1
- authentication {
- auth_type PASS
- auth_pass password_123
- }
- track_script {
- Monitor_redis
- }
- virtual_ipaddress {
- 192.168.1.120
- }
- notify_master /usr/local/scripts/redis_master.sh
- notify_backup /usr/local/scripts/redis_backup.sh
- notify_fault /usr/local/scripts/redis_fault.sh
- notify_stop /usr/local/scripts/redis_stop.sh
- }
四:准备相关的脚本,主从实例上都需要存在这些脚本,同时注意脚本需要由可执行权限
- [root@server11 ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/redis_monitor.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- ALIVE=$(/usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.112 -p 6379 -a 123 PING)
- if [ "$ALIVE" == "PONG" ]; then
- echo $ALIVE
- exit 0
- else
- echo $ALIVE
- killall -9 keepalived
- service network restart
- exit 1
- fi
- [root@server11 ~]# sh /usr/local/scripts/redis_monitor.sh
- PONG
- [root@server11 ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/redis_master.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.112 -p 6379 -a 123"
- LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis2/var/keepalived-redis-state.log"
- echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILE
- date >> $LOGFILE
- echo "Being master...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
- echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
- $REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.1.113 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
- sleep 10
- echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
- $REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
- [root@server11 ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/redis_backup.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.112 -p 6379 -a 123"
- LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis2/var/keepalived-redis-state.log"
- echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILE
- date >> $LOGFILE
- echo "Being slave...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
- sleep 15
- echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ..." >> $LOGFILE
- $REDISCLI SLAVEOF 192.168.1.113 6379 >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
- [root@server11 ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/redis_stop.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis2/var/keepalived-redis-state.log"
- echo "[stop]" >> $LOGFILE
- date >> $LOGFILE
- [root@server11 ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/redis_fault.sh #!/bin/bash LOGFILE="/usr/local/redis2/var/keepalived-redis-state.log" echo "[fault]" >> $LOGFILE date >> $LOGFILE
五:主从实例分别启动keepalive进程,测试VIP是否正常(这里就要修改redis配置文件的监听地址为0.0.0.0)
- [root@server11 ~]# /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- [root@server11 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
- Dec 12 09:25:49 server11 Keepalived_healthcheckers[7710]: Configuration is using : 5499 Bytes
- Dec 12 09:25:49 server11 Keepalived_healthcheckers[7710]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Dec 12 09:25:49 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(12,13)]
- Dec 12 09:25:49 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: VRRP_Script(Monitor_redis) succeeded
- Dec 12 09:25:50 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Dec 12 09:25:51 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Entering MASTER STATE
- Dec 12 09:25:51 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) setting protocol VIPs.
- Dec 12 09:25:51 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.120
- Dec 12 09:25:51 server11 avahi-daemon[4519]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.120 on eth0.
- Dec 12 09:25:51 server11 Keepalived_healthcheckers[7710]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 added
- Dec 12 09:25:51 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 added
- Dec 12 09:25:56 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[7712]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.120
- [root@server11 ~]# ip a |grep 192
- inet 192.168.1.112/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
- inet 192.168.1.120/32 scope global eth0
- [root@server12 ~]# /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- [root@server12 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
- Dec 12 09:26:55 server12 Keepalived_healthcheckers[3106]: Configuration is using : 5595 Bytes
- Dec 12 09:26:55 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Entering BACKUP STATE
- Dec 12 09:26:55 server12 Keepalived_healthcheckers[3106]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
- Dec 12 09:26:55 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(12,13)]
- Dec 12 09:26:55 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Script(Monitor_redis) succeeded
- [root@server11 ~]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 info |grep -A 3 'Replication'
- # Replication
- role:master
- connected_slaves:1
- slave0:192.168.1.113,6379,online
六:主实例写入测试数据,该脚本原则上会写入25条测试数据,不过由于未优化redis默认并发数,会导致一些写入请求失败,最终功写入 231839条测试数据,占内存总大小为25M左右,写入过程中可以观察主从实例的持久化文件变化情况,主实例的持久化文件维持在30k,从实例的则不断 的扩展!
- [root@server11 ~]# cat test.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 -n 1 SET"
- ID=1
- while(($ID<50001))
- do
- INSTANCE_NAME="i-2-$ID-VM"
- UUID=`cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid`
- PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS=10.`echo "$RANDOM % 255 + 1" | bc`.`echo "$RANDOM % 255 + 1" | bc`.`echo
- "$RANDOM % 255 + 1" | bc`\
- CREATED=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
- $REDISCLI vm_instance:$ID:instance_name "$INSTANCE_NAME"
- $REDISCLI vm_instance:$ID:uuid "$UUID"
- $REDISCLI vm_instance:$ID:private_ip_address "$PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS"
- $REDISCLI vm_instance:$ID:created "$CREATED"
- $REDISCLI vm_instance:$INSTANCE_NAME:id "$ID"
- ID=$(($ID+1))
- done
- [root@server11 ~]# sh test.sh
- [root@server11 redis2]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 info |egrep
- 'used_memory_peak_human|db1:keys'
- used_memory_peak_human:24.98M
- db1:keys=231839,expires=0
七:模拟主实例故障,观察日志输出,验证从实例是否能成功接管VIP,同时将实例变成读写模式
- [root@server11 ~]# killall -9 redis-server
- [root@server11 ~]# ip a |grep 192
- inet 192.168.1.112/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
- [root@server11 ~]# ps -ef |grep redis
- root 15886 6458 0 09:49 pts/0 00:00:00 grep redis
- [root@server11 ~]# ps -ef |grep keep
- root 16029 6458 0 09:49 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keep
- [root@server12 ~]# tail -f /usr/local/redis2/var/keepalived-redis-state.log
- [master]
- Wed Dec 12 09:48:52 CST 2012
- Being master....
- Run SLAVEOF cmd ...
- OK Already connected to specified master
- Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ...
- OK
- [root@server12 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
- Dec 12 09:48:51 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Dec 12 09:48:52 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Entering MASTER STATE
- Dec 12 09:48:52 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) setting protocol VIPs.
- Dec 12 09:48:52 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.120
- Dec 12 09:48:52 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 added
- Dec 12 09:48:52 server12 avahi-daemon[2921]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.120 on eth0.
- Dec 12 09:48:52 server12 Keepalived_healthcheckers[3106]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 added
- Dec 12 09:48:57 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.120
- [root@server12 ~]# ip a |grep 192
- inet 192.168.1.113/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
- inet 192.168.1.120/32 scope global eth0
- [root@server12 ~]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 info |grep -A 3 'Replication'
- # Replication
- role:master
- connected_slaves:0
- [root@server12 ~]# sh test.sh
- [root@server12 ~]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 info |egrep
- 'used_memory_peak_human|db1:keys'
- used_memory_peak_human:26.78M
- db1:keys=249925,expires=0
九:主实例角色的恢复过程,使用shell脚本自动恢复
- [root@server11 ~]# ssh-keygen
- [root@server11 ~]# cd .ssh/
- [root@server11 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@192.168.1.113
- [root@server11 ~]# cat /usr/local/scripts/recover_mastart.sh
- #!/bin/sh
- ALIVE=$(/usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.113 -p 6379 -a 123 PING)
- MDB=/usr/local/redis2/master_dump.rdb
- SDB=/usr/local/redis2/slave_dump.rdb
- if [ "$ALIVE" == "PONG" ]; then
- echo $ALIVE
- scp root@192.168.1.113:$SDB $MDB
- else
- echo $ALIVE
- exit 1
- fi
- /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis2/etc/redis.conf
- /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D -f
- /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- [root@server11 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/scripts/recover_mastart.sh
- [root@server11 ~]# sh /usr/local/scripts/recover_mastart.sh
十:验证数据完整性和主从角色恢复情况
- [root@server11 ~]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 info |egrep 'used_memory_peak_human|db1:keys'
- used_memory_peak_human:26.78M
- db1:keys=249925,expires=0
- [root@server11 ~]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 info |grep -A 3 'Replication'
- # Replication
- role:master
- connected_slaves:1
- slave0:192.168.1.113,6379,online
- [root@server12 ~]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.113 -a 123 info |grep -A 3 'Replication'
- # Replication
- role:slave
- master_host:192.168.1.112
- master_port:6379
- [root@server12 ~]# /usr/local/redis2/bin/redis-cli -h 192.168.1.120 -a 123 info |egrep 'used_memory_peak_human|db1:keys'
- used_memory_peak_human:26.78M
- db1:keys=249925,expires=0
- 主实例keepalive日志:
- [root@server11 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
- Dec 12 10:08:13 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), fd(11,12)]
- Dec 12 10:08:13 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Script(Monitor_redis) succeeded
- Dec 12 10:08:13 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Dec 12 10:08:13 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Received higher prio advert
- Dec 12 10:08:13 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Entering BACKUP STATE
- Dec 12 10:08:15 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) forcing a new MASTER election
- Dec 12 10:08:16 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Transition to MASTER STATE
- Dec 12 10:08:17 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Entering MASTER STATE
- Dec 12 10:08:17 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) setting protocol VIPs.
- Dec 12 10:08:17 server11 Keepalived_healthcheckers[20230]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 added
- Dec 12 10:08:17 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.120
- Dec 12 10:08:17 server11 Keepalived_vrrp[20231]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 added
- Dec 12 10:08:17 server11 avahi-daemon[4519]: Registering new address record for 192.168.1.120 on eth0.
- [root@server11 ~]# ip a |grep 192
- inet 192.168.1.112/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
- inet 192.168.1.120/32 scope global eth0
- 从实例keepalive日志:
- [root@server12 ~]# tail -f /var/log/messages
- Dec 12 09:56:01 server12 last message repeated 4 times
- Dec 12 10:08:13 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Received lower prio advert, forcing new election
- Dec 12 10:08:13 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.1.120
- Dec 12 10:08:15 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Received higher prio advert
- Dec 12 10:08:15 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) Entering BACKUP STATE
- Dec 12 10:08:15 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1{) removing protocol VIPs.
- Dec 12 10:08:15 server12 Keepalived_healthcheckers[3106]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 removed
- Dec 12 10:08:15 server12 Keepalived_vrrp[3108]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.1.120 removed
- Dec 12 10:08:15 server12 avahi-daemon[2921]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.1.120 on eth0.
- 从实例角色转换日志:
- [root@server12 ~]# tail -f /usr/local/redis2/var/keepalived-redis-state.log
- [backup]
- Wed Dec 12 10:08:15 CST 2012
- Being slave....
- Run SLAVEOF cmd ...
- OK