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批量无交互远程SSH操作

分类： LINUX

2013-04-25 14:38:55

原文地址： 批量无交互远程SSH操作 作者：atomix2

前言
为了参与的这个讨论，整理一下以前写的脚本。现在看来，这个脚本写的很简陋，并发操作也只是分批的控制而不是完全的并行，不过工作起来还算简单稳定。

概述
此脚本使用 expect 来对需要交互输入用户名和密码等操作进行自动化，并有对于主机提示自动加入信任列表、操作失败记录日志等功能。

正文
这个脚本分三个文件，逐一附录如下：

1. 主脚本：batch_ssh.sh

  1. #!/bin/bash
  2. # batch_scp.sh
  3. # 作者：亚丹
  4. # 时间：2009-05-27
  5. # seesea2517#gmail*com
  6. # http://seesea.blog.chinaunix.net
  7. # http://blog.csdn.net/nicenight
  8. #
  9. # 功能：批量无交互scp操作
  10. #
  11. # 配置文件格式：
  12. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  13. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  14. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  15. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  16. # IP xxxx ID/Name

  18. server_list=$1
  19. cmd=$2
  20. if [ -z "$server_list" ] || [ -z "$cmd" ]
  21. then
  22.     echo "Usage: $0 server_list command"
  23.     exit 1
  24. fi

  26. if [ ! -f "$server_list" ]
  27. then
  28.     echo -e "File \"$server_list\" not exist!"
  29.     exit 1
  30. fi

  32. # The result directory
  33. res_dir="result"
  34. if ! [ -d $res_dir ]
  35. then
  36.     mkdir $res_dir
  37. fi

  39. readonly MAX_THREAD=300 ;# The max number of the sub threads can be forked
  40. readonly OLD_IFS=${IFS} ;# Save the current IFS
  41. IFS=$'\n' ;# Set the IFS to '\n"

  43. usr="ssh_user"
  44. port=22
  45. read -sp "Input the password for $usr: " psw

  47. echo "\nGo!\n"

  49. (( i = 0 ))

  51. for line in `cat $server_list`
  52. do
  53.     if [ -z "$line" ]
  54.     then
  55.         continue
  56.     fi

  58.     echo "$line" | grep '^#' > /dev/null
  59.     if [ $? = 0 ]
  60.     then
  61.         continue
  62.     fi

  64.     ip=`echo $line | awk '{print $1}'`
  65.     id=`echo $line | awk '{print $3}'`

  66.     if [ "$ip" == "" ]
        then
            continue
        fi

        ./remote_exec.exp $usr $ip $port $psw $cmd >> "$res_dir/${id}.txt" &

        # If the sub thread numbers upto the MAX_THREAD, then wait for all done
        if (( ++i % $MAX_THREAD == 0 ))
        then
            echo "wait....."
            wait
        fi

        echo -ne "\rProcessing $i."
    done

    IFS=${OLD_IFS}
    wait
    echo "Total $i done."

2. 主 expect 调用脚本 remote_exec.exp

  1. #!/usr/bin/expect
  2. # remote_exec.exp
  3. # 作者：亚丹
  4. # 时间：2009-05-27
  5. # seesea2517#gmail*com
  6. # http://seesea.blog.chinaunix.net
  7. # http://blog.csdn.net/nicenight
  8. #
  9. # 功能：实现无交互远程操作

  11. source func.exp

  13. if {$argc < 5 } {
  14.     puts "remote_exec needs 5 parameters."
  15.     exit 1
  16. }

  18. log_user 0
  19. log_file log.txt

  21. set in_user [lindex $argv 0]
  22. set in_ip [lindex $argv 1]
  23. set in_port [lindex $argv 2]
  24. set in_psw [lindex $argv 3]
  25. set in_cmd [lindex $argv 4]

  27. set out_res ""

  29. set ret [remote_exec $in_user $in_ip $in_port $in_psw $in_cmd out_res]
  30. if {$ret < 0} {
  31.     puts "remote_exec failed (return code: $ret, return str: $out_res)."
  32.     exit 1
  33. }

  35. puts $out_res

3. expect 的函数库文件：func.exp，现在看来，也没有再新加过函数……不过这个远大蓝图还是曾经存在过的哈

  1. #!/usr/bin/expect
  2. # func.exp
  3. # 作者：亚丹
  4. # 时间：2009-05-27
  5. # seesea2517#gmail*com
  6. # http://seesea.blog.chinaunix.net
  7. # http://blog.csdn.net/nicenight
  8. #
  9. # 功能：基本函数库文件

  11. # -----------------------------------
  12. # Function:
  13. # Execute the command on the host in_ip
  14. #
  15. # Return:
  16. # If successfully executed, return 0
  17. # otherwise return the error code:
  18. # -1: Connect timeout
  19. # -2: Wrong password
  20. # -3: Wrong password
  21. # -4: Checking password timeout
  22. #
  23. # Input args:
  24. # in_user: Specifys the user to login
  25. # in_ip : Specifys the host for user to login
  26. # in_psw : Specifys the password for user to login to the host
  27. # in_cmd : Specifys the command(s) to execute
  28. #
  29. # Output args:
  30. # out_res: Returns the result if executed successfully
  31. # returns the error description if unsuccessful
  32. # -----------------------------------
  33. proc remote_exec {in_user in_ip in_port in_psw in_cmd out_res} {
  34.     upvar $out_res response

  36.     # The for loop is used to do the login action
  37.     set timeout 9999
  38.     for {set i 1} {$i < 3} {incr i} {

  40.         # Last "////" is used as an end symbol
  41.         # spawn -noecho ssh $in_user@$in_ip ls -ogt --time-style=+'%Y%m%d%H%M%S' | grep ^- && echo ////
  42.         spawn -noecho ssh $in_user@$in_ip -p $in_port $in_cmd && echo ////

  44.         expect {
  45.             -nocase "Password:"
  46.             {
  47.                 send "$in_psw\n"
  48.                 break
  49.             }

  51.             -nocase "(yes/no)"
  52.             {
  53.                 send "yes\n"
  54.                 continue
  55.             }

  57.             timeout
  58.             {
  59.                 set response "Can't connect to host $in_ip\n"
  60.                 return -1
  61.             }
  62.         }
  63.     sleep 1
  64.     }

  66.     expect {
  67.         -nocase "password:"
  68.         {
  69.             set response "Wrong password inputed for $in_user@$in_ip.\n"
  70.             return -2
  71.         }

  73.         -nocase "denied"
  74.         {
  75.             set response "Wrong password inputed for $in_user@$in_ip.\n"
  76.             return -3
  77.         }

  79.         timeout
  80.         {
  81.             set response "Timeout while checking password for $in_user@$in_ip.\n"
  82.             return -4
  83.         }

  85.         -re ".*////"
  86.         {
  87.             set response $expect_out(0,string)
  88.             set response [string trim $response "\r\n /"]
  89.             return 0
  90.         }
  91.     }
  92. }
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
对于常用的 scp 操作，有对上述脚本做了针对性的调整，以更加方便的使用：
1. 主脚本 batch_scp.sh

  1. #!/bin/bash
  2. # batch_scp.sh
  3. # 作者：亚丹
  4. # 时间：2009-05-27
  5. # seesea2517#gmail*com
  6. # http://seesea.blog.chinaunix.net
  7. # http://blog.csdn.net/nicenight
  8. #
  9. # 功能：批量无交互scp操作
  10. #
  11. # 配置文件格式：
  12. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  13. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  14. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  15. # IP xxxx ID/Name
  16. # IP xxxx ID/Name

  18. # para1 is the server list file
  19. server_list=$1
  20. if [ -z "$server_list" ]
  21. then
  22.     echo "Usage: $0 server_list remote_dir local_dir"
  23.     exit 1
  24. fi

  26. # If server list file not exists, then exit
  27. if [ ! -f "$server_list" ]
  28. then
  29.     echo -e "File \"$server_list\" not exist!"
  30.     exit 1
  31. fi

  33. # para2 is the remote directory for scp
  34. # if not inputed, then set to "/"
  35. rdir=$2
  36. if [ -z "$rdir" ]
  37. then
  38.     rdir="/"
  39. fi

  41. # para3 is the local directory for scp
  42. # if not inputed, then set to "./"
  43. ldir=$3
  44. if [ -z "$ldir" ]
  45. then
  46.     ldir="./"
  47. fi

  49. # The result directory
  50. res_dir="result"
  51. if ! [ -d $res_dir ]
  52. then
  53.     mkdir $res_dir
  54. fi

  56. readonly MAX_THREAD=2 ;# The max number of the sub threads can be forked
  57. readonly OLD_IFS=${IFS} ;# Save the current IFS
  58. IFS=$'\n' ;# Set the IFS to '\n"

  60. usr="ssh_user"
  61. port=22
  62. read -sp "Input the password for $usr: " psw

  64. (( i = 0 ))

  66. for line in `cat $server_list`
  67. do
  68.     if [ -z "$line" ]
  69.     then
  70.         continue
  71.     fi

  73.     echo "$line" | grep '^#' > /dev/null
  74.     if [ $? = 0 ]
  75.     then
  76.         continue
  77.     fi

  79.     ip=`echo $line | awk '{print $1}'`
  80.     id=`echo $line | awk '{print $3}'`
  81.    if [ "$ip" == "" ]
        then
            continue
        fi

        # ./remote_exec.exp $usr $ip $port $psw $rdir $ldir >> "$res_dir/${id}.txt" &

        # make a local sub-dir for scp, use the id info
        lsub_dir="$ldir/${id}"
        if [ ! -d "$lsub_dir" ]
        then
            mkdir "$lsub_dir"
        fi

        # download and delete the file for release the space of the disk
        # (./remote_exec.exp $usr $ip $port $psw $rdir "$lsub_dir" >> "$res_dir/${id}.txt"; sz "$lsub_dir/*"; rm -R "$lsub_dir";) &

        # for test, not delete the local sub dir
        (./remote_exec.exp $usr $ip $port $psw $rdir "$lsub_dir" >> "$res_dir/${id}.txt"; sz "$lsub_dir/*";) &

        # If the sub thread numbers upto the MAX_THREAD, then wait for all done
        if (( ++i % $MAX_THREAD == 0 ))
        then
            echo "wait....."
            wait
        fi
    done

    IFS=${OLD_IFS}

    wait

    echo "Total $i done."


2. remote_exec.exp

  1. #!/usr/bin/expect
  2. # remote_exec.exp
  3. # 作者：亚丹
  4. # 时间：2009-05-27
  5. # seesea2517#gmail*com
  6. # http://seesea.blog.chinaunix.net
  7. # http://blog.csdn.net/nicenight
  8. #
  9. # 功能：实现无交互远程操作

  11. source func.exp

  13. if {$argc < 6 } {
  14.     puts "remote_exec needs 6 parameters."
  15.     exit 1
  16. }

  18. log_user 0
  19. log_file log.txt

  21. set in_user [lindex $argv 0]
  22. set in_ip [lindex $argv 1]
  23. set in_port [lindex $argv 2]
  24. set in_psw [lindex $argv 3]
  25. set in_rdir [lindex $argv 4]
  26. set in_ldir [lindex $argv 5]

  28. set out_res ""

  30. set ret [remote_exec $in_user $in_ip $in_port $in_psw $in_rdir $in_ldir out_res]
  31. if {$ret < 0} {
  32.     puts "remote_exec failed (return code: $ret, return str: $out_res)."
  33.     exit 1
  34. }

  36. puts $out_res

3. func.exp

  1. #!/usr/bin/expect
  2. # func.exp
  3. # 作者：亚丹
  4. # 时间：2009-05-27
  5. # seesea2517#gmail*com
  6. # http://seesea.blog.chinaunix.net
  7. # http://blog.csdn.net/nicenight
  8. #
  9. # 功能：基本函数库文件

  11. # -----------------------------------
  12. # Function:
  13. # Execute the command on the host in_ip
  14. #
  15. # Return:
  16. # If successfully executed, return 0
  17. # otherwise return the error code:
  18. # -1: Connect timeout
  19. # -2: Wrong password
  20. # -3: Wrong password
  21. # -4: Checking password timeout
  22. #
  23. # Input args:
  24. # in_user: Specifys the user to login
  25. # in_ip : Specifys the host for user to login
  26. # in_psw : Specifys the password for user to login to the host
  27. # in_rdir: Specifys the remote directory for scp
  28. # in_ldir: Specifys the local directory for scp
  29. #
  30. # Output args:
  31. # out_res: Returns the result if executed successfully
  32. # returns the error description if unsuccessful
  33. # -----------------------------------
  34. proc remote_exec {in_user in_ip in_port in_psw in_rdir in_ldir out_res} {
  35.     upvar $out_res response

  37.     # The for loop is used to do the login action
  38.     set timeout 10

  40.     # Last "////" is used as an end symbol
  41.     # spawn -noecho ssh $in_user@$in_ip ls -ogt --time-style=+'%Y%m%d%H%M%S' | grep ^- && echo ////
  42.     spawn -noecho scp -p $in_port $in_user@$in_ip:$in_rdir $in_ldir && echo ////

  44.     expect {
  45.         -nocase "Password:"
  46.         {
  47.             send "$in_psw\n"
  48.         }

  50.         -nocase "(yes/no)"
  51.         {
  52.             send "yes\n"
  53.             exp_continue
  54.         }

  56.         timeout
  57.         {
  58.             set response "Can't connect to host $in_ip\n"
  59.             return -1
  60.         }
  61.     }

  63.     expect {
  64.         -nocase "password:"
  65.         {
  66.             set response "Wrong password inputed for $in_user@$in_ip.\n"
  67.             return -2
  68.         }

  70.         -nocase "denied"
  71.         {
  72.             set response "Wrong password inputed for $in_user@$in_ip.\n"
  73.             send "\003"
  74.             exec kill [exp_pid]
  75.             close
  76.             wait
  77.             return -3
  78.         }

  80.         timeout
  81.         {
  82.             set response "Timeout while checking password for $in_user@$in_ip.\n"
  83.             return -4
  84.         }

  86.         -re "\[^/]+////"
  87.         {
  88.             set response $expect_out(0,string)
  89.             set response [string trim $response "\r\n /"]
  90.             return 0
  91.         }
  92.     }
  93. }

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