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2010-06-03 09:41:30
CODE:使用查询方式的通讯程序适合9600bps以下的应用。polling.c
#include
#include
#include
#define PortBase 0x2F8
void com_putch(unsigned char);
int com_chkch(void);
main()
{
int c;
unsigned char ch;
outportb(PortBase + 1 , 0); /* Turn off interrupts - Port1 *//* Set COM1: 9600,8,N,1*/
outportb(PortBase + 3 , 0x80);
outportb(PortBase + 0 , 0x0C);
outportb(PortBase + 1 , 0x00);
outportb(PortBase + 3 , 0x03);
clrscr();
while(1) {
c = com_chkch();
if(c!=-1) {
c &= 0xff; putch(c);
if(c=='\n') putch('\r');
}
if(kbhit()) {
ch = getch(); com_putch(ch);
}
}
}
void com_putch(unsigned char ch) {
unsigned char status;
while(1) {
status = inportb(PortBase+5);
if(status&0x01) inportb(PortBase+0); else break;
}
outportb(PortBase,ch);
}
int com_chkch(void) {
unsigned char status;
status = inportb(PortBase+5);
status &= 0x01;
if(status) return((int)inportb(PortBase+0)); else return(-1);
}
CODE:(4)MCS-51串行通讯:serial.c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include "sercom.c"
COM *c;
main()
{
unsigned char ch;
c = ser_init( PORT_B,BAUD_9600,_COM_CHR8,_COM_NOPARITY,4096,4096 );
while(1) {
if( serhit(c)) {
ch = getser(c);
putchar(ch);
}
if(kbhit()) {
ch = getch();
putser(ch,c);
}
}
}
llio.c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define CR 0x0d
#define TRUE 0xff
#define FALSE 0
#define PORT_A 0 /* COM1 */
#define PORT_B 1 /* COM2 */
#define BAUD_9600 _COM_9600
#define BAUD_4800 _COM_4800
#define BAUD_2400 _COM_2400
#define BAUD_1200 _COM_1200
#define BAUD_600 _COM_600
#define BAUD_300 _COM_300
#define BAUD_110 _COM_110
typedef struct {
char ready; /* TRUE when ready */
unsigned com_base; /* 8250 Base Address */
char irq_mask; /* IRQ Enable Mask */
char irq_eoi; /* EOI reply for this port */
char int_number; /* Interrupt # used */
void (_interrupt _far *old)( void ); /* Old Interrupt */
/* Buffers for I/O */
char *in_buf; /* Input buffer */
int in_tail; /* Input buffer TAIL ptr */
int in_head; /* Input buffer HEAD ptr */
int in_size; /* Input buffer size */
int in_crcnt; /* Inputcount */
char in_mt; /* Input buffer FLAG */
char *out_buf; /* Output buffer */
int out_tail; /* Output buffer TAIL ptr */
int out_head; /* Output buffer HEAD ptr */
int out_size; /* Output buffer size */
char out_full; /* Output buffer FLAG */
char out_mt; /* Output buffer MT */
} COM;
COM *ser_init( int port,int baud,int bit,int parity,int isize,int osize );
void ser_close( COM *c );
int getsers( COM *c,int len,char *str );
int putsers( char *str, COM *c );
char serline( COM *c );
int getser( COM *c );
char serhit(COM *c);
char putser(char outch,COM *c);
void cntl_rts(int flag,COM *c);
void cntl_dtr(int flag,COM *c);
void clean_ser( COM *c );
#define COM1_BASE 0x03F8
#define COM1_IRQ_MASK 0xEF /*11101111B IRQ 4 For COM1 */
#define COM1_IRQ_EOI 0x64 /* IRQ 4 Spec EOI */
#define COM1_INT_NUM 0x0C /* Int # for IRQ4 */
#define COM2_BASE 0x02F8
#define COM2_IRQ_MASK 0xF7 /*11110111B IRQ 3 For COM2 */
#define COM2_IRQ_EOI 0x63 /* IRQ 3 Spec EOI */
#define COM2_INT_NUM 0x0B /* Int # for IRQ3 */
/* 8250 ACE register defs */
#define THR 0 /* Offset to Xmit hld reg (write) */
#define RBR 0 /* Receiver holding buffer (read) */
#define IER 1 /* Interrupt enable register */
#define IIR 2 /* Interrupt identification reg */
#define LCR 3 /* Line control register */
#define MCR 4 /* Modem control register */
#define LSR 5 /* Line status register */
#define MSR 6 /* Modem status register */
#define SREG(x) ((unsigned)((unsigned)x + c->com_base))
/* 8259 Int controller registers */
#define INTC_MASK 0x21 /* Interrupt controller MASK reg */
#define INTC_EOI 0x20 /* Interrupt controller EOI reg */
#define MAX_PORTS 2 /* # I/O ports (DOS limit) */
static int count = 0;
static COM com_list[MAX_PORTS]; /* I/O data structure */
static COM *com1; /* Pointers for interrupt actions */
static COM *com2;
static COM *com_xfer; /* Transfer interrupt data structure */
COM *ser_init0(int port,char *ibuf,int isize, char *obuf,int osize);
void ser_close0( COM *c );
void (_interrupt _far int_ser1)( void ); /* Int rtn for serial I/O COM 1 */
void (_interrupt _far int_ser2)( void ); /* Int rtn for serial I/O COM 2 */
void (_interrupt _far int_ser_sup)( void ); /* Support int actions */
COM *ser_init( int port,int baud,int bit,int parity,int isize,int osize )
{
unsigned status;
char ch;
COM *c;
char *in_buf,*out_buf;
status = _bios_serialcom(_COM_INIT,port,(bit | parity | _COM_STOP2| baud ));
in_buf = malloc( isize );
if( in_buf == NULL ) return( NULL );
out_buf = malloc( osize );
if( out_buf == NULL ) return( NULL );
c = ser_init0(port,in_buf,isize,out_buf,osize );
clean_ser(c);
return( c );
}
void ser_close(COM *c)
{
int i;
if( !c->ready ) return;
ser_close0(c);
free( c->in_buf );
free( c->out_buf );
}
char serline( COM *c )
{
if( !c->ready ) return(FALSE);
if( c->in_crcnt > 0 ) return( TRUE );
else return( FALSE );
}
int getsers( COM *c,int len,char *str )
{
char ch;
int i;
i = 0;
while( iwhile( !serhit(c) ) {
if(kbhit()) return( -1 );
}
ch = 0x7f & getser(c);
switch( ch ) {
case 0x0d: str[i++] = '\0';
return( i );
case 0x00:
case 0x0a: break;
default: str[i++] = ch;
break;
}
}
str[i] = '\0';
return( len );
}
int putsers( char *str, COM *c )
{
int n,i,j;
n = strlen( str );
for( i=0; iwhile( !putser( str[i],c ) );
}
return( n );
}
char putser( char outch, COM *c )
{
char val;
if( !c->ready ) return(FALSE);
while( !c->out_mt && (c->out_head == c->out_tail) );
if( !c->out_full ) {
c->out_buf[c->out_head++] = outch;
if( c->out_head == c->out_size )
c->out_head = 0; /* Reset buffer circularly */
}
if( c->out_head == c->out_tail ) {
c->out_full = TRUE;
return( FALSE );
} else c->out_full = FALSE;
val = inp( SREG(LCR) ); /* Reset DLAB for IER access */
val &= 0x7F; /* Clear IER access bit */
outp(SREG(LCR),val);
val = inp( SREG(IER) );
if( !(val & 0x02) ) /* Interrupt ON ? */
{
c->out_mt = FALSE; /* Not MT now */
_disable(); /* Interrupts OFF NOW */
outp(SREG(IER),0x03); /* RX & TX interrupts ON */
_enable(); /* Interrupts ON again */
}
return( TRUE );
}
char serhit( COM *c )
{
if( !c->ready ) return(FALSE);
if( !c->in_mt ) return( TRUE );
else return( FALSE );
}
int getser( COM *c )
{
int ch;
if( !c->ready ) return(FALSE);
if( !serhit(c) ) return( 0 );
_disable();
ch = 0xff & c->in_buf[c->in_tail++];
if( c->in_tail == c->in_size ) c->in_tail = 0;
if( c->in_tail == c->in_head ) c->in_mt = TRUE;
if( ch == CR ) /* Keep track of CR's */
c->in_crcnt--;
_enable();
return( ch );
}
void clean_ser( COM *c )
{
_disable();
c->in_head = 0;
c->in_tail = 0;
c->in_mt = TRUE;
c->in_crcnt = 0;
_enable();
}
void cntl_dtr( int flag,COM *c )
{
char val;
if( !c->ready ) return;
val = inp(SREG(MCR));
if( flag ) val |= 1;
else val &= ~1;
outp(SREG(MCR),val);
}
void cntl_rts( int flag, COM *c )
{
char val;
if( !c->ready ) return;
val = inp(SREG(MCR));
if( flag ) val |= 2;
else val &= ~2;
outp(SREG(MCR),val);
}
COM *ser_init0(int port,char *ibuf,int isize, char *obuf,int osize)
{
int i;
char val;
COM *c;
while( port >= MAX_PORTS ) /* Get port # in range */
port--;
for( i=0; i{
if( !com_list[i].ready ) {
c = &(com_list[i]);
break;
}
}
if( i == MAX_PORTS ) /* Not found */
return( NULL );
c->in_buf = ibuf;
c->in_size = isize;
c->in_mt = TRUE;
c->in_head = 0;
c->in_tail = 0;
c->in_crcnt = 0;
c->out_buf = obuf;
c->out_size = osize;
c->out_full = FALSE;
c->out_mt = TRUE;
c->out_head = 0;
c->out_tail = 0;
switch( port ) {
case 0: /* Here set up for COM1 */
c->ready = TRUE;
c->com_base = COM1_BASE;
c->irq_mask = COM1_IRQ_MASK;
c->irq_eoi = COM1_IRQ_EOI;
c->int_number = COM1_INT_NUM;
_disable();
com1 = c;
c->old = _dos_getvect( c->int_number );
_dos_setvect(c->int_number,int_ser1);
break;
case 1: /* Here set up for COM1 */
c->ready = TRUE;
c->com_base = COM2_BASE;
c->irq_mask = COM2_IRQ_MASK;
c->irq_eoi = COM2_IRQ_EOI;
c->int_number = COM2_INT_NUM;
_disable();
com2 = c;
c->old = _dos_getvect( c->int_number );
_dos_setvect(c->int_number,int_ser2);
break;
default: return(NULL); /* Bad port SKIP */
}
val = inp( INTC_MASK );
val &= c->irq_mask;
outp( INTC_MASK, val );
val = inp( SREG(LSR) ); /* Read and discard STATUS */
val = inp( SREG(RBR) ); /* Read and discard DATA */
val = inp( SREG(LCR) ); /* Rst DLAB for IER access */
val &= 0x7F; /* 01111111B */
outp( SREG(LCR),val );
outp( SREG(IER),1); /* Enable Data READY INT */
outp( SREG(MCR),0xB ); /* Enable OUT2,RTS & DTR */
_enable();
return( c );
}
void ser_close0( COM *c )
{
char val;
if( !c->ready ) return;
_disable();
val = inp(INTC_MASK);
val |= ~c->irq_mask;
outp(INTC_MASK,val);
val = inp( SREG(LCR) ); /* Reset DLAB for IER access */
val &= 0x7F; /* Clear IER access bit */
outp(SREG(LCR),val);
val = inp( SREG(RBR) );
val = inp( SREG(LSR));
val = inp(SREG(IIR) );
val = inp(SREG(IER) );
outp(SREG(IER),0); /* Disable 8250 Interrupts */
outp(SREG(MCR),0); /* Disable RTS,DTR and OUT2 */
outp(SREG(MCR),0); /* Disable OUT2 */
_dos_setvect(c->int_number, c->old );
_enable();
c->ready = FALSE;
}
void _interrupt _far int_ser1( void )
{
com_xfer = com1;
_chain_intr( int_ser_sup );
}
void _interrupt _far int_ser2( void )
{
com_xfer = com2;
_chain_intr( int_ser_sup );
}
void _interrupt _far int_ser_sup( void )
{
char val;
char ch;
int ptr;
COM *c;
c = com_xfer;
while( TRUE ) {
val = inp( SREG(LSR) ); /* Read and discard STATUS */
val = inp( SREG(IIR) ); /* Get interrupt status register */
if( val & 0x04 ) /* Receive Interrupt */
{
ptr = c->in_head;
ch = inp( SREG(RBR) );
if( c->in_mt || ptr != c->in_tail ) {
c->in_buf[ptr++] = ch;
if( ptr == c->in_size ) ptr = 0;
c->in_head = ptr;
c->in_mt = FALSE;
if( ch == CR ) /* Count lines */
c->in_crcnt++;
}
} else {
if( val & 0x02 ) /* Transmit Interrupt */
{
if( (!c->out_full) && (c->out_head == c->out_tail) ) {
c->out_mt = TRUE;
val = inp( SREG(LCR) );
val &= 0x7F;
outp(SREG(LCR),val);
outp(SREG(IER),0x01);
/* RX interrupts ON */
} else {
outp(SREG(THR),
c->out_buf[c->out_tail++]);
if( c->out_tail == c->out_size ) c->out_tail = 0;
}
} else return; /* No Interrupt */
}
outp(INTC_EOI,c->irq_eoi);
}
}
CODE:使用查询的程序可以做到多高的波特率取决于主程序的工作量,使用中断方式的通讯驱动程序在使用 11.0592MHz晶振时可以达到57.6Kbps的速率。#include
#include
void putch(unsigned char);
unsigned char getch(void);
main()
{
unsigned char ch;
SCON = 0x50;
TMOD |= 0x20;
TH1 = 0xfd;
TL1 = 0xfd;
TR1 = 1;
TI = 1;
RI = 0;
while(1) {
ch = getch(); putch(ch);
}
}
void putch(unsigned char ch) {
SBUF = ch;
TI = 0;
while(!TI);
}
unsigned char getch(void) {
while(!RI);
RI = 0;
return(SBUF);
}
使用中断驱动的程序比较复杂,下面为完整的MCS-51串行通讯底层驱动程序,由头文件serint.hJ及serint.c组成.
serint.h
unsigned char RR_iHead; /* receiver head index */
unsigned char RR_iTail; /* receiver tail index */
unsigned char RR_cLev; /* receiver buffer count */
unsigned char RR_cMax; /* receiver buffer count */
unsigned char TR_iHead; /* transmitter head index */
unsigned char TR_iTail; /* transmitter tail index */
unsigned char TR_cLev; /* transmitter buffer count */
unsigned char TR_cMax; /* transmitter buffer count */
unsigned char UnGotCh; /* saved char for ungetch() */
unsigned char SerFlags; /* serial flag */
bit FlagTransIdle; /* set when transmitter is finished */
bit FlagStripOutLF; /* don't send linefeeds */
bit FlagCvtInCR; /* convert incoming CR to LF */
unsigned char TestBits;
#define INRINGSIZE 128 /* must be <= 254 to avoid wraps */
#define OUTRINGSIZE 250 /* ditto */
#define T1RELOAD 253
#define CR 13
#define LF 10
#define ESC 27
#define EOF -1
unsigned char xdata RRing[INRINGSIZE]; /* receiver ring buffer */
unsigned char xdata TRing[OUTRINGSIZE]; /* receiver ring buffer */
int putstr (const char *);
int putch(int);
int chkch();
int getch();
void SerWaitOutDone();
int SerFlushIn();
int putc(int TransChar);
serint.c
/* CONSOLE.C -- serial I/O code */
/* Initialize serial port hardware and variables */
#include
#include "serint.h"
void SerInitialize() {
SerFlags = 0;
FlagTransIdle = 1;
FlagCvtInCR = 1; /* want to turn CRs into LFs */
RR_iHead = RR_iTail = RR_cLev = RR_cMax = 0;
TR_iHead = TR_iTail = TR_cLev = TR_cMax = 0;
UnGotCh = -1;
/*--- set up Timer 1 to produce serial rate */
TCON &= 0x3F; /* clear run & interrupt flags */
TMOD &= 0x0F; /* flush existing Timer 1 setup */
TMOD |= 0x20; /* flush existing Timer 1 setup */
SCON = 0x50; /* flush existing Timer 1 setup */
PCON |= 0x00;
TH1 = TL1 = T1RELOAD & 0x00FF; /* flush existing Timer 1 setup */
TR1 = 1; /* start the timer */
ES = 1; /* enable serial interrupts */
}
/* Serial console interrupt handler */
/* If transmitter output is disabled, we fake trans interrupts until empty */
void SerInt() interrupt 4
{
if(RI) { /* receiver interrupt active? */
if(RR_cLevRRing[RR_iHead] = SBUF; /* pick up the character and stick in ring */
RR_iHead++; /* tick the index */
RR_cLev++; /* tick size counter */
if(RR_iHead==INRINGSIZE) RR_iHead = 0; /* hit end of array yet? */
}
RI = 0; /* indicate we have it */
}
if(TI) { /* transmitter interrupt active? */
if(TR_cLev) { /* anything to send? */
SBUF = TRing[TR_iTail]; /* fetch next char and send it */
TR_cLev--; /* tick size counter */
TR_iTail++; /* tick the index */
if(TR_iTail==OUTRINGSIZE) TR_iTail = 0; /* hit end of array yet? */
} else FlagTransIdle = 1;/* no, flag inactive */
TI = 0; /* indicate done with it */
}
}
/* Send character to console */
/* Can strip LFs, in which case you get CR instead of LF/CR */
int putch(int TransChar)
{
putc(TransChar); /* if not LF, handle normally */
if(TransChar=='\n') putc('\r'); /* if LF, send a CR */
}
int putc(int TransChar)
{
while(TR_cLev>=OUTRINGSIZE); /* wait for space in ring */
ES = 0;
TRing[TR_iHead] = TransChar; /* point to char slot */
TR_iHead++; /* tick counter & index */
TR_cLev++;
if(TR_iHead==OUTRINGSIZE) TR_iHead = 0;
if(FlagTransIdle) {
FlagTransIdle = 0; /* kickstart transmitter if idle */
TI = 1;
}
ES = 1;
return(TransChar);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Decide if there are any pending chars */
/* Returns nonzero if there's a char */
int chkch() {
return(RR_cLev); /* tack on current level */
}
/* Wait for the serial transmitter to go idle */
/* If the transmitter is disabled, that's considered to be the same thing */
void SerWaitOutDone() {
while (TR_cLev); /* wait for ring empty */
while(!FlagTransIdle); /* wait for last char */
}
/* Flush the input buffer */
/* Returns number of chars flushed */
int SerFlushIn() {
ES = 0; /* turn off serial interrupts */
RR_iTail = 0; /* reset ring variables */
RR_iHead = 0;
RR_cLev = 0;
ES = 1; /* turn on serial interrupts */
}
/* Get character from console */
/* CRs turn into LFs unless we're not doing that... */
int getch() {
int RetVal;
ES = 0; /* avoid interruptions */
if(RR_cLev) { /* anything pending? */
RetVal = RRing[RR_iTail];
if(RetVal=='\r') RetVal = '\n'; /* use LF instead of CR */
RR_iTail++; /* tick size index & counter */
RR_cLev--;
if(RR_iTail==INRINGSIZE) RR_iTail = 0; /* hit end of array yet? */
} else RetVal = -1;
ES = 1;
return(RetVal);
}
/* Send string to console */
/* putstr(char *pString); */
/* The ?putstr entry point has *pString in DPTR */
int putstr (char *pstring)
{
while(*pstring) { /* fetch character if zero done */
putch(*pstring);
pstring++; /* continue... */
}
}