========================================================================
1. device_create()
文件包含: #include
函数定义:
函数位置: src/drivers/base/core.c
函数格式:
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extern struct device *device_create(struct class *cls, struct device *parent,dev_t devt, void *drvdata, const char *fmt, ...)
函数功能:
函数device_create()用于动态的建立逻辑设备,并对新的逻辑设备类进行相应初始化,将其与函数的第一个参数所代表的逻辑类关联起来,然后将此逻辑设备加到linux内核系统的设备驱动程序模型中。函数能够自动在/sys/devices/virtual目录下创建新的逻辑设备目录,在/dev目录下创建于逻辑类对应的设备文件
参数说明:
dev_t dev:设备号
void *drvdata: void类型的指针,代表回调函数的输入参数
const char *fmt: 逻辑设备的设备名,即在目录 /sys/devices/virtual创建的逻辑设备目录的目录名。
2.函数device_destroy()
文件包含:#include
函数定义: src/drivers/base/core.c
void device_destroy(struct class *dev, dev_t devt);
函数功能:
函数device_destroy()用于从linux内核系统设备驱动程序模型中移除一个设备,并删除/sys/devices/virtual目录下对应的设备目录及/dev/目录下对应的设备文件
======================================================================
class_create() 和 device_create()有什么关系呢??
在刚开始写Linux设备驱动程序的时候,很多时候都是利用mknod命令手动创建设备节点,实际上Linux内核为我们提供了一组函数,可以用来在模块加载的时候自动在/dev目录下创建相应设备节点,并在卸载模块时删除该节点,当然前提条件是用户空间移植了udev。什么事udev??请查看“ 收集 3个介绍uedv 网址资料 ”
内核中定义了struct class结构体,顾名思义,一个struct class结构体类型变量对应一个类,内核同时提供了class_create(…)函数,可以用它来创建一个类,这个类存放于sysfs下面,一旦创建好了这个类,再调用device_create(…)函数来在/dev目录下创建相应的设备节点。这样,加载模块的时候,用户空间中的udev会自动响应device_create(…)函数,去/sysfs下寻找对应的类从而创建设备节点。
在下面的例子中具体说明关系!!!!!!!!
1. 首先通过 mem_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"ywx_class_char");语句建立了逻辑设备类,在 /sys/class/ 下新建了 ywx_class_char目录 查看:
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ywx@ywx:/sys/class$ ls ywx_class_char
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ywx_device_char
2. 通过语句 device_create(mem_class,NULL,MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR,MEM_MINOR),NULL,"ywx_device_char");阿在 /dev/ 下自动建立了 ywx_device_char 设备节点 ,具体查看:
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ywx@ywx:/dev$ ls -l ywx_device_char
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crw------- 1 root root 240, 0 2012-01-03 15:40 ywx_device_char
3.那么 class_create 和 device_create还有什么关系呢??
在/sys/devices/virtual/建立了 “ywx_class_char”
在/sys/devices/virtual/ywx/class/char/下建立了 ywx_device_char 目录
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ywx@ywx:/sys/devices/virtual/ywx_class_char/ywx_device_char$ ls -la
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total 0
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drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2012-01-03 15:40 .
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drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 2012-01-03 15:40 ..
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-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-01-03 16:10 dev 这个就是我们在驱动中分配的大小4KB
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drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 2012-01-03 16:10 power
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lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 2012-01-03 15:40 subsystem -> ../../../../class/ywx_class_char符号链接设备
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 2012-01-03 15:40 uevent
======================================================================
drivers/i2c/i2c-dev.c 也有关于 class_create的例子
====================================================================
自己的字符设备驱动程序
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#include <linux/kernel.h>
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#include <linux/module.h>
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#include <linux/init.h>
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#include <linux/cdev.h>
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#include <linux/device.h>
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#include <linux/slab.h>//kmalloc
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#include <linux/vmalloc.h>//vmalloc()
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#include <linux/types.h>//ssize_t
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#include <linux/fs.h>//file_operaiotns
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#include <linux/uaccess.h>//copy_from_user
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#define MEM_MALLOC_SIZE 4096 ////缓冲区大小
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#define MEM_MAJOR 240 ////主设备号
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#define MEM_MINOR 0
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char *mem_spvm = NULL; ////缓冲区指针,指向内存区
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struct cdev *mem_cdev = NULL; //字符设备对象指针
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struct class *mem_class = NULL; //设备类指针
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static int __init mem_init(void);
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static void __exit mem_exit(void);
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static int mem_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp);
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static int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp);
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static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *fpos);
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static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,size_t count ,loff_t *fops);
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static const struct file_operations mem_fops={
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.owner = THIS_MODULE,
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.open = mem_open,
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.release = mem_release,
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.read = mem_read,
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.write = mem_write,
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};
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static int __init mem_init(void)
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{
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int ret;
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//创建设备号 主次设备号
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int devno = MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR,MEM_MINOR);
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printk("mem_init initial...\n");
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//开辟内核内存缓冲区
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mem_spvm = (char *)vmalloc(MEM_MALLOC_SIZE);
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if(mem_spvm == NULL)
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{
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printk("vmalloc mem_spvm error\n");
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return -ENOMEM;//
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}
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//
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mem_cdev = cdev_alloc();
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if(mem_cdev == NULL)
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{
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printk("cdev_alloc error\n");
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return -ENOMEM;
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}
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cdev_init(mem_cdev,&mem_fops);
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mem_cdev->owner = THIS_MODULE;
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ret = cdev_add(mem_cdev,devno,1);//将字符设备键入内核系统
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if(ret)
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{
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cdev_del(mem_cdev);
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mem_cdev = NULL;
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printk("cdev_add error\n");
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return -1;
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}
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//
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mem_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"ywx_class_char");
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if(IS_ERR(mem_class))
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{
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printk("class_create error..\n");
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return -1;
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}
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device_create(mem_class,NULL,MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR,MEM_MINOR),NULL,"ywx_device_char");
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printk("init finished..\n");
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return 0;
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}
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static void __exit mem_exit(void)
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{
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printk("mem_exit starting..\n");
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if(mem_cdev != NULL)
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cdev_del(mem_cdev);
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printk("cdev_del ok\n");
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device_destroy(mem_class,MKDEV(MEM_MAJOR,MEM_MINOR));
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class_destroy(mem_class);
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if(mem_spvm != NULL)
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vfree(mem_spvm);
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printk("vfree ok\n");
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printk("mem_exit finished..\n");
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}
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static int mem_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp)
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{
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printk("open vmalloc space..\n");
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try_module_get(THIS_MODULE);//模块引用计数器自加
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printk("open vamlloc space ok..\n");
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return 0;
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}
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static int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
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{
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printk("close vmalloc space..\n");
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module_put(THIS_MODULE);//模块引用计数器自减
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return 0;
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}
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static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *fpos)
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{
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int ret = -1;
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char *tmp;
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printk("copy data to the user space\n");
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tmp = mem_spvm;
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if(count > MEM_MALLOC_SIZE)
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count = MEM_MALLOC_SIZE;
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if(tmp != NULL)//将内核数据写入到用户空间
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ret = copy_to_user(buf,tmp,count);
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if(ret == 0)
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{
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printk("read copy data success\n");
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return count;
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}
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else
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{
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printk("read copy data error\n");
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return 0;
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}
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}
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static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,size_t count ,loff_t *fops)
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{
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int ret = -1;
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char *tmp;
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printk("read data from the user space.\n");
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tmp = mem_spvm;
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if(count > MEM_MALLOC_SIZE)
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count = MEM_MALLOC_SIZE;
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if(tmp != NULL)
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ret = copy_from_user(tmp,buf,count);
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if(ret == 0)
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{
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printk("write copy data success.\n");
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return count;
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}
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else
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{
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printk("write copy data error.\n");
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return 0;
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}
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}
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MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
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module_init(mem_init);
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module_exit(mem_exit);
应用程序:
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#include <stdio.h>
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#include <stdlib.h>
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#include <unistd.h>
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#include <fcntl.h>
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#include <string.h>//memset()
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int main(int argc, char *argv[])
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{
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int fd,cnt;
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char buf[256];
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int i;
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printf("char device testing..\n");
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fd = open("/dev/ywx_device_char",O_RDWR);
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if(fd == 0)
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{
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printf("open failed.\n");
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return 1;
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}
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printf("input the data for kernel:");
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scanf("%s",buf);
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cnt = write(fd,buf,256);
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if(cnt == 0)
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printf("write error\n");
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printf("clear buf,and will read from kernel...\n");
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for(i=0;i<256;i++)
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buf[i] = 32;//32 =" "
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cnt = read(fd,buf,256);
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if(cnt > 0)
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printf("read data from kernel is:%s\n",buf);
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else
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printf("read data error\n");
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close(fd);
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printf("close app..\n");
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return 0;
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}
应用程序测试:
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root@ywx:/home/ywx/desktop/module/api_/cdev_init_add_del/app# ./app
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char device testing..
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input the data for kernel:yuweixian4230.blog.chinaunix.net
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clear buf,and will read from kernel...
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read data from kernel is:yuweixian4230.blog.chinaunix.net
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close app..
一些资料:
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