AIX常用的系统状态查询命令

常用的系统状态查询命令

 

常用的系统状态查询命令：

# lsdev –C –s scsi

列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息：如逻辑单元号，硬件地址及设备文件名等。

# ps -ef

列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息：如进程号及进程名等。

# netstat -rn

列出网卡状态及路由信息等。

# netstat -in

列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。

# df -k

列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。

# mount

列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。

# uname -a

列出系统ID号，系统名称，OS版本等信息。

# hostname

列出系统网络名称。

# lsvg –l rootvg,lsvg –p rootvg

显示逻辑卷组信息，如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。

# lslv –l datalv,lslv –p datalv

显示逻辑卷各种信息，如包含哪些盘，是否有镜像等。

八网络故障定位方法

网络不通的诊断过程：

ifconfig查看网卡是否启动(up)

netstat–i查看网卡状态

Ierrs/Ipkts和Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%

ping自己网卡地址(ip地址)

ping其它机器地址，如不通，在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。

在同一网中，subnetmask应一致。

网络配置的基本方法：

(1)如需修改网络地址、主机名等，一定要用chdev命令

# chdev –l inet0 –a hostname=myhost

# chdev -l en0 -a netaddr='9.3.240.58' -a netmask=255.255.255.0’

(2)查看网卡状态：# lsdev–Cc if

(3)确认网络地址：# ifconfig en0

(4)启动网卡：# ifconfig en0 up

(5)配置路由

有两种方式加入路由：

永久路由

# chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’9.3.240.59’

临时路由

# route add10.47.1.2 9.3.240.59

用命令netstat -rn查看路由表

附：常用命令列表：

Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #,

fn = filename

DIR = Directory

| = pipe symbol

bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx)

cat -view contents of a file

cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output

cat fn fn > newfile -combines two files to a single file

cd -will return you to default DIR

cd / -will put in root DIR

cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system

cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time

cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir

cfgmgr -will auto config devices

cfgmgr -v & -(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background

chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt'l PPs)

cp oldfn newfn -copy a file

cp oldfn Dirn -copy a file to another directory

crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user

ctrl + v -will page down 1 page

ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page

delfn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn

df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)

df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4

diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration

diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk....Fastpath)

diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive

dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS

dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette

dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY

doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX

errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors

errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)

errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors

errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date

errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)

errpt -d S -list software errors

errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.

errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column

errpt -N XXXXXXX-list summary report by resource name column

errclear 0 -clears errorlog

errclear -N XXXXX0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter

errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.

finger -same as who but with more details

flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette

format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive

format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44

hostname -responds with host system name

host (hostname) -responds with internet address

instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed

lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs

lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx

lpstat -a all -view all printer queues

lptest 80 5 > /dev/lp0 -send pattern to lp0

ls -list names of files & directories in current dir

ls -lia -list details of files, current dir & subdir

ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir

lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device

lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)

lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter

lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt

lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)

lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices

lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices

lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices

lscons -lists the assigned console

lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)

lscfg -rl mem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines

lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)

lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP

lsfs -list all filesystems + data from "df" cmd

lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs

lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column

lsps -a -checks available paging space

lsps -s -checks available paging space

lspv -lists information about the physical volumes

lspv hdisk# -list drive info

lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in

lsuser -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users

lsvg -lists volume groups

lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name)

more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.

mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)

mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)

mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file

oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)

pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.

pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty's

pdisable tty# -disables a tty

penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty's

penable tty# -enables a tty

ps -el |pg -look at process running on system

pwd -list what DIR you are currently in

r -repeats last command

rm -i ******* -remove a file & will prompt you if you are sure

rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base

rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base

set -o vi -sets up to veiw cammands that have been run

:wq -write(save) and quit file

Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command

k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command

I -use with SET command inserts characters

j -steps you backwards

cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word

(use with Esc)

a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)

R -lets you type over letters or words

smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)

su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)

su -switches to root id or prompts you for password

su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX's id

tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive

tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive

tctl -f /dev/rmtX rewoffl -rewind & eject tape

tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR

tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)

tctl retension -retensions tape in tape drive

& -put any command in background with process ID

uptime -how long since last IPL and how many users on system

vmstat # # -reports virtual memory statistics and more

iostat # # -reports CPU,disk & cdrom statistics

use with vm & iostat -1st #(how many sec to repeat), 2nd #(how many times)

who -shows users on system

who am i -shows user id on your terminal & tty number

USE the following with other commands.

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>/tmp/****.1 -creates a file (used with lsXXX command)

>/dev/lp# -redirectes output to a printer(use with a comd)

|grep -is useful to search for text in a file.

|pg -use after any command to view one page at a time

| -pipe sign - Takes the output of one command and

feeds it to the input of another.

> -redirect sign or greater than sign

/ -slash sign

\ -back slash sign

>> -double redirect will add text to end of file

& -put any command in background with process ID

MUST unmount file system 1st to run fsck & dfsck/only use with a problem

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fsck XXXXXXX -will check a file system for errors & prompt

dfsck /XXXX /XXXX -will check 2 different file sys at the same time

FOLLOWING command lines will delete a group of devices as a group, the #,

sign is the hdisk#'s that you want to delete.(this is an exampe.)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

for disk in # # # # -this line and the next 3 line work together

do -the prompt will be > (REMEMBER to hit enter)

rmdev -l hdisk# {disk} -d -the prompt will be > (brackets around disk change)

done -the prompt will be > (on a printout. change to -)

SSA RELATED COMMANDS

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lsattr -El ssaX -list attributes of SSA adapters

lscfg -vl ssaX -list VPD of SSA adapters

lsdev -C | grep SSA -list all SSA devices

lslpp -L | grep SSA -list SSA device drivers

maymap -ap -maymap display of SSA loop

maymap -alph -maymap display of SSA loop

lscfg -vl pdisk* -list VPD of pdisks

ssaxlate -l hdiskX -list hdisk to pdisk assignment

ssaxlate -l pdiskX -list pdisk to hdisk assignment

ssa_rescheck -l hdiskX -show hdisk reservation status

FOLLOWING CMDS LIST, COPY, AND RESTORE FOR cpio,tar,dd,backup,dos:

NOTE: The fd0 is just a dev. so you may use any media you desire.

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LIST COPY

------ --------

cpio -itv < /dev/fd0 ls /tmp/fn | cpio -ov > /dev/fd0

tar -tvf /dev/fd0 tar -cvf /dev/fd0 fn

dd li -l | dd dd if=fn f=/dev/fd0

restore -Tf /dev/fd0 backup -0 -uf /dev/fd0 fn By INODE

restore -Tf /dev/fd0 find / -print | backup -i -f/dev/fd0 By NAME

dosdir doswrite -a (AIX fn) (fn.ext)

TO RESTORE

-------------------

cpio -iv fn < /dev/fd0

tar -xvf /dev/fd0

dd f=/dev/fd0 if=fn

restore -xvf /dev/fd0 fn BY NAME/INODE, restore understands unless special

flags were used.

dosread -a (fn.ext) (AIX fn)

TO DOCUMENT THE SYSTEM

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lscfg -v > /dev/lpx -to list sys config/VPD

lsuser -f ALL > /dev/lpX -to list users

lsdev -Cc tty -H -to list all tty's

lsdev -Cc lp -H -to list all lp's

lsattr -El ttyX > /dev/lpX -to list ttyX parameters (do for each tty)

lsattr -El lpX > /dev/lpX -to list lpX parameters (do for each lp)

lpstat > /dev/lpX -to list queues

lsfs > /dev/lpx -to list filesystems

lspv > /dev/lpx -to list hard drives

lspv hdiskx -to list hard drive config (do for each drive)

lspv -l hdiskx -to list files on drive

lsvg rootvg -to list rootvg data

plus printout of or save to diskette:

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/etc/inittab

/etc/objrepos/Cu*

/etc/passwd

/etc/filesystems

/etc/security/passwd

/etc/hosts

/sbin/rc.boot 

 

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查看交换区信息：

lsps -a显示交换区的分布信息

lsps -s显示交换区的使用信息

slibclean清除处理程序遗留的旧分页信息

smit mkps建立交换区空间信息

swapon -a启动所有的分页空间

/etc/swapspaces存放分页空间表格信息

显示卷信息：

lsvg显示卷的名称

lsvg -l rootvg显示rootvg卷的详细信息

 

mount卷的方法：

varyonvg datavg加载datavg卷

mount /dev/data1加载datavg下的一个data1卷

 

裸设备类型：raw,jfs jfs可以转变成文件系统，而raw则不行

 

在裸设备上安装oracle系统：

修改裸设备的权限，如裸设备名为system01，安装用户为oracle

chown oracle:dba /dev/system01

chown oracle:dba /dev/rsystem01

在使用文件时必须用rsystem01

 

smit快速路径名称：(smit：图形方式，smitty：字符方式)

dev设备管理

diag诊断

jfs定期档案管理系统

lvm逻辑卷册系统管理员管理

nfs NFS管理

sinstallp软件安装及维护

spooler列印队列管理

system系统管理

tcpip TCP/IP管理

USER使用者管理

clstart，clstop：启动和停止cluster

lssrc -g cluser：查看cluser的状态

 

查看已安装的软件信息：

ls -aF /usr/lpp (lppicensed Program Products)

查看安装媒体内容：

installp -q -d /dev/cdrom -l

 

启动时自动加载文件系统信息：

需要加载的信息存放在/etc/filesystems

mount -t nf加载所有在/ect/filesystems中定义type=nfs的文件系统

显示已加载的文件系统及状态：df -v,mount

 

查看错误日志信息：

errpt -a

 

有关TCP/IP的命令

网路卡：

smit chgenet,chgtok,chgfddi,opschange,mktty:adptr架构快速路径

smit mkinet,ppp:slip与ppp快速路径

ifconfig:config界面

位址：

/etc/hosts静态主机表

/etc/resolv.conf位址解析的名称服务器

/etc/named.boot名称服务器架构

/etc/named.ca根名称服务器快取

/etc/named.data位址列表

/etc/named.rev反转指标列表

nslookup查询名称服务器资讯

网络路由：

route管理路由

netstat -rn列出定义的路由

routed路由(daekmin rip)

gated路由(daekmin rip、egp、hello)

/etc/gateways已知网关

/etc/networks