分分钟搞定REDHAT系统安装初始化配置之实用脚本

虽然在操作系统的安装过程中可以初步指定一些配置，但很多配置需要在安装后再进行手动配置，操作多了就麻烦，而且容易手误，这个是本人多年来安装配置RHEL时使用的脚本，从RHEL4开始，到RHEL5,因为RHEL6目前手头的项目还未开始，因此，本脚本只适用于RHEL4~RHEL5.

 

本脚本可实现自动配置主机名，ip地址，掩码，网关，bond0，vsftpd，xdmcp，telnet，及ntp客户端时钟同步。如果对使用过程中的选项不太明白，可直接回车，即按默认选项操作，操作完会有关键信息反馈说明。脚本很简单，对选项不太明白的也可直接查看源码就能懂。

 

代码一共三个文件

autochg.sh

change_modprobe.conf.sh

change_vsftpd.conf.sh

 

使用方法：放在同一个目录下，执行./autochg.sh即可

 

注：建议在刚安装完操作系统后使用本脚本，若在已在线运行或已做过初始化配置的系统上执行本脚本，不保证能100%无错运行，脚本在做配置修改时会自动备份原来的配置文件。

 

界面概览

Author:$author  Host:$host      Version:$softversion    Revision:$revision

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This shell script can do these:

        0.modify IP-ADDRESS/BROADCAST/NETMASK
        1.modify /etc/hosts
        2.modify GATEWAY
        ---------------------------------------------
        3.configure vsftpd (/etc/vsftpd/)
        4.configure bond0 for eth0 & eth1
        5.configure telnet service
        6.configure xdmcp for xmanager(udp port 177)
        ---------------------------------------------
        7.configure ntp client
        8.auto active vsftpd,telnet,bond,xdmcp service
 
plz enter u choice [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,b(back),q(quit),a(all)]:"

 

脚本代码：

 

1.autochg.sh

#!/bin/bash

LANG=C;export LANG



menu()

{

clear

author="huangyu"

host=`hostname`

softversion=1.6.3

revision=20090305

date=`date +%F.%T`



# less echo,faster speed

cat <

####################################################################################



Author:$author Host:$host Version:$softversion Revision:$revision



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

This shell script can do these:



0.modify IP-ADDRESS/BROADCAST/NETMASK

1.modify /etc/hosts

2.modify GATEWAY

---------------------------------------------

3.configure vsftpd (/etc/vsftpd/)

4.configure bond0 for eth0 & eth1

5.configure telnet service

6.configure xdmcp for xmanager(udp port 177)

---------------------------------------------

7.configure ntp client

8.auto active vsftpd,telnet,bond,xdmcp service



####################################################################################



MENULIST



echo -n "plz enter u choice [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,b(back),q(quit),a(all)]:"

read choice

}



####################################################################################

get_ipaddr()

{

ipaddra=`ifconfig -a | grep inet | grep -v inet6 | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $2}'`

echo "IPADDR=${ipaddra#*:}" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-tmpip

for i in tmpip bond0 eth0 eth1

do

ipaddrb=`grep ^IPADDR /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$i 2>/dev/null`

if [ ! "${ipaddrb#*=}" = "" ]

then

ipaddr=${ipaddrb#*=}

break

fi

done

rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-tmpip 2>/dev/null

if [ "$ipaddr" = "" ]

then

echo "this hosts has not a valid ip address"

while [ "$ipaddr" = "" ]

do

echo -n "plz input the address:"

read ipaddr

done

else

echo -n "plz input the address[$ipaddr]:"

read ipaddr1

if [ ! "$ipaddr1" = "" ]

then

ipaddr=$ipaddr1

fi

fi

}

get_brcast()

{

brcasta=`ifconfig -a | grep inet | grep -v inet6 | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $3}'`

echo "BROADCAST=${brcasta#*:}" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-tmpip

for i in tmpip bond0 eth0 eth1

do

brcastb=`grep ^BROADCAST /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$i 2>/dev/null`

if [ ! "${brcastb#*=}" = "" ]

then

brcast=${brcastb#*=}

break

fi

done

rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-tmpip 2>/dev/null

if [ "$brcast" = "" ]

then

echo "this hosts has not a valid broadcast"

while [ "$brcast" = "" ]

do

echo -n "plz input the brdcast:"

read brcast

done

else

echo -n "plz input the brdcast[$brcast]:"

read brcast1

if [ ! "$brcast1" = "" ]

then

brcast=$brcast1

fi

fi

}

get_ntmask()

{

ntmaska=`ifconfig -a | grep inet | grep -v inet6 | grep -v 127.0.0.1 | awk '{print $4}'`

echo "NETMASK=${netmaska#*:}" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-tmpip

for i in tmpip bond0 eth0 eth1

do

ntmaskb=`grep ^NETMASK /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-$i 2>/dev/null`

if [ ! "${ntmaskb#*=}" = "" ]

then

ntmask=${ntmaskb#*=}

break

fi

done

rm -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-tmpip 2>/dev/null

if [ "$ntmask" = "" ]

then

echo "this hosts has not a valid netmask"

while [ "$ntmask" = "" ]

do

echo -n "plz input the netmask:"

read ntmask

done

else

echo -n "plz input the netmask[$ntmask]:"

read ntmask1

if [ ! "$ntmask1" = "" ]

then

ntmask=$ntmask1

fi

fi

}

c_netinfo()

{

####################################################################################

echo

echo -n "Do u want to configure ETH0's IP-ADDRESS?[y|n]"

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 ]

then

orifile=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

newfile=/root/ifcfg-bond0

device=bond0

else

orifile=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

newfile=/root/ifcfg-eth0

device=eth0

fi



get_ipaddr

get_brcast

get_ntmask



if [ -f $orifile ]

then

mv $orifile ${newfile}.`date +%F-%T`

fi

echo "DEVICE=$device" >>$orifile

echo "BOOTPROTO=none" >>$orifile

echo "ONBOOT=yes" >>$orifile

echo "IPADDR=$ipaddr" >>$orifile

echo "BROADCAST=$brcast" >>$orifile

echo "NETMASK=$ntmask" >>$orifile

echo

echo "the old $orifile has been backup to ${newfile}.`date +%F`"

echo "the new $orifile's content is:"

echo

cat $orifile

echo

#echo -n "plz enter u choice[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,b(back),q(quit)]:"

#read choice

fi

echo

}

c_gateway()

{

####################################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to configure GATEWAY?[y|n]"

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

orifile=/etc/sysconfig/network

newfile=/root/network

if ! grep GATEWAY $orifile >/dev/null

then

while [ "$gw" = "" ]

do

echo -n "plz enter GATEWAY:"

read gw

done

else

echo -n "`grep GATEWAY $orifile`,plz enter new GW:"

read gw

fi



if [ ! "$gw" = "" ]

then

#sed "/GATEWAY/d" $orifile | sed "$ a\GATEWAY=$gw" >$newfile

#the bellow line is better,more fast

(sed "/GATEWAY/d" $orifile;echo GATEWAY=$gw) >$newfile

cp $newfile $orifile



fi

echo

echo "the new $orifile file's content:"

echo

cat $orifile

echo

fi

echo

}

c_hosts()

{

####################################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to configure /etc/hosts file?[y|n]"

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

get_ipaddr

cp /etc/hosts /root/hosts.`date +%F-%T`

sed "/127.0.0.1/s/$HOSTNAME//" /etc/hosts | sed "/$ipaddr/d" \

| sed "$ a\\$ipaddr $HOSTNAME" >/root/hosts

cp /root/hosts /etc/hosts

echo "the new /etc/hosts file's content:"

echo

cat /etc/hosts

echo

fi

echo

}

c_vsftpd()

{

#################################################################################

echo "Do you want to configure vsftpd?[y|n]"

echo " 1.disable anonymous user access"

echo " 2.lock user in his home directory"

echo " 3.change vsftp's running type to be standalone or a xinetd service"

echo " and first time u don't need to assign it."

echo

echo -n "Do you want to configure vsftpd?[y|n]"

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

echo "========== begin to modify /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf ==========="

echo

filename=/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

newfile=/root/vsftpd.conf

cmdfile=${0%%/*}/change_vsftpd.conf.sh

if [ -d /etc/vsftpd ]

then

echo -n "do u want vsftpd to be a xinetd service? default is ignore. [y|n|i]:"

read se_type

$cmdfile $filename >$newfile

cp $filename $filename.`date +%F-%T`

if [ "$se_type" = "y" ];then

service vsftpd stop

sed "s/^listen=YES/listen=NO/" $newfile >$filename

sed "/disable/c\ disable = no" /usr/share/doc/vsftpd*/vsftpd.xinetd >/etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd

elif [ "$se_type" = "n" ];then

service vsftpd stop

sed "s/^listen=NO/listen=YES/" $newfile >$filename

rm /etc/xinetd.d/vsftpd

else

cp $newfile $filename

fi

awk -F':' '($3>=500&&$3<600){print $1}' /etc/passwd > /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#use sed can do also. but up-line is good.

#sed -n "`sed -n '/500:500/=' /etc/passwd`,$ p" /etc/passwd \

# | awk -F : '{print $1}' > /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list



echo "the original file is bakup to $filename.`date +%F`..."

echo

echo "the key point:"

echo

echo "`grep anonymous_enable $filename`"

echo "`grep chroot $filename`"

if [ "$se_type" = "y" ];then echo "`grep ^listen $filename`";fi

echo

echo "the /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list file's contenti:"

cat /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

else

echo "you have not insatlled vsftpd service."

echo "waiting 3 seconds..."

sleep 3

continue

fi

echo

echo -n 'do u want to permit "root" user using vsftp? default is ignore. {y|n} [n]: '

read ftp_type

if [ "$ftp_type" = "y" ];then

#-------for RHEL 4---------------------

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers ]; then sed -i "/root/ c\#root" /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers; fi

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd.user_list ]; then sed -i "/root/ c\#root" /etc/vsftpd.user_list; fi

#-------for RHEL 5---------------------

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers ]; then sed -i "/root/ c\#root" /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers; fi

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd/user_list ]; then sed -i "/root/ c\#root" /etc/vsftpd/user_list; fi

else

#-------for RHEL 4---------------------

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers ]; then sed -i "/#root/ c\root" /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers; fi

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd.user_list ]; then sed -i "/#root/ c\root" /etc/vsftpd.user_list; fi

#-------for RHEL 5---------------------

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers ]; then sed -i "/#root/ c\root" /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers; fi

if [ -f /etc/vsftpd/user_list ]; then sed -i "/#root/ c\root" /etc/vsftpd/user_list; fi

fi

echo "The configuration of vsftp about root user has been changed successful."

fi

echo

}

c_bond()

{

###########################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to configure modprobe.conf for bonding?[y|n]"

read myselect



if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

echo "========== begin to modify /etc/modprobe.conf ==========="

echo

#sleep 1

filename=/etc/modprobe.conf

newfile=/root/modprobe.conf

cmdfile=${0%%/*}/change_modprobe.conf.sh



grep bond0 /etc/modprobe.conf >/dev/null

if [ $? = 1 ]

then

echo -n "Plz input the bonding mode,default is 1.[1|0]"

read bmode

if [ "$bmode" = "" ];then bmode=1;fi

$cmdfile $filename >$newfile

mv $filename $filename.`date +%F-%T`

sed "s/mode=0/mode=$bmode/" $newfile >$filename

echo "$filename has been modified."

echo "the original file is bakup to $filename.`date +%F`..."

else

echo "this hosts has been using bonding mode,nothing to changed."

echo "the $filename file's content:"

cat /etc/modprobe.conf

fi

echo

echo



orieth0=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

orieth1=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

oribond=/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0

neweth0=/root/ifcfg-eth0

neweth1=/root/ifcfg-eth1

newbond=/root/ifcfg-bond0



if [ -f $oribond ]

then

cp $oribond $newbond.`date +%F-%T`

fi

if [[ ! ( ! "$ipaddr" = "" && ! "$brcast" = "" && ! "$netmask" = "" ) ]]

then

get_ipaddr

get_brcast

get_ntmask

fi

echo "DEVICE=bond0" >$oribond

echo "BOOTPROTO=none" >>$oribond

echo "ONBOOT=yes" >>$oribond

echo "IPADDR=$ipaddr" >>$oribond

echo "BROADCAST=$brcast" >>$oribond

echo "NETMASK=$ntmask" >>$oribond



if [ -f $orieth0 ]

then

mv $orieth0 $neweth0.`date +%F-%T`

fi



if [ -f $orieth1 ]

then

mv $orieth1 $neweth1.`date +%F-%T`

fi



echo "DEVICE=eth0" >>$orieth0

echo "BOOTPROTO=none" >>$orieth0

echo "ONBOOT=yes" >>$orieth0

echo "MASTER=bond0" >>$orieth0

echo "SLAVE=yes" >>$orieth0



echo "DEVICE=eth1" >>$orieth1

echo "BOOTPROTO=none" >>$orieth1

echo "ONBOOT=yes" >>$orieth1

echo "MASTER=bond0" >>$orieth1

echo "SLAVE=yes" >>$orieth1



echo

echo "cat $oribond"

cat $oribond

echo

echo "cat $orieth0"

cat $orieth0

echo

echo "cat $orieth1"

cat $orieth1

echo

fi

echo

}

c_telnet()

{

############################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to configure telnet service?[y|n]"

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

orifile=/etc/xinetd.d/telnet

newfile=/root/telnet

echo "========== begin to modify $orifile ==========="

echo



if [ -f $orifile ]

then

cp $orifile $newfile.`date +%F-%T`

sed "/disable/c\ disable = no" $orifile >$newfile

cp $newfile $orifile

echo "the new telnet file content:"

echo

cat $orifile

else

echo "you have not install telnet service"

fi

echo

fi

echo



echo -n "Do you want to permit root using telnet to login the system? {y|n} [n] "

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

pts_counts=$(grep pts /etc/securetty |wc -l)

if [ $pts_counts -eq 0 ]

then

echo pts/1 >>/etc/securetty

echo pts/2 >>/etc/securetty

echo pts/3 >>/etc/securetty

echo pts/4 >>/etc/securetty

echo pts/5 >>/etc/securetty

echo "the /etc/securetty file has been changed now."

echo "Permit total 5 root accounts direct using telnet to login to system concurrent."

else

echo "the current configuration has permit root direct login to the system."

echo "and the max concurrent number is $pts_counts."

echo "nothing has changed."

fi

echo

fi

echo

}

c_xdmcp()

{

############################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to configure remote x-windows service?[y|n]"

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

version=`sed -n "/release 4/p" /etc/redhat-release | wc -l`

if [ $version = 1 ]

then

oritab=/etc/inittab

newtab=/root/inittab

origdm=/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf

newgdm=/root/gdm.conf

echo "========== begin to modify $oritab & $origdm ==========="

echo

if grep ^x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/gdm $oritab >/dev/null

then

echo "the $oritab has been configured.no need configure more"

else

cp $oritab $newtab.`date +%F-%T`

sed "/x:5:respawn/c\x:5:respawn:\/usr\/bin\/gdm" $oritab >$newtab

cp $newtab $oritab

echo "the new $oritab 's content changed:"

echo " x:5:respawn:/usr/bin/gdm"

echo

fi

if [ -f $origdm ]

then

cp $origdm $newgdm.`date +%F-%T`

#enum=(`sed -n "/^Enable=/ =" $origdm`)

#xnum=(`sed -n "/^\[xdmcp\]/ =" $origdm`)

#sed "${enum[0]} c\Enable=true" $origdm >$newgdm

sed "`sed -n '/^Enable=/=' $origdm | sed -n '1p'` c\Enable=true" $origdm >$newgdm

cp $newgdm $origdm

echo "the new ${origdm} 's content:"

echo " the line ${enum[0]} has been change to 'Enable=true'"

else

echo "you have not install X11 service"

fi

else

#oritab=/etc/inittab

#newtab=/root/inittab

origdm=/etc/gdm/custom.conf

newgdm=/root/custom.conf

echo "========== begin to modify $oritab & $origdm ==========="

echo

if [ -f $origdm ]

then

cp $origdm $newgdm.`date +%F-%T`

sed -i '/^\Enable=/d' $origdm

sed -i '/^\[xdmcp\]/ a\Enable=true' $origdm

sed -i '/^\AllowRemoteRoot/d' $origdm

sed -i '/^\[security\]/ a\AllowRemoteRoot=true' $origdm

gdmgreeter=$(grep 'RemoteGreeter=/usr/libexec/gdmgreeter' /etc/gdm/custom.conf|wc -l)

if [ $gdmgreeter = 0 ]

then

sed -i '/^\[daemon\]/ a\RemoteGreeter=/usr/libexec/gdmgreeter' $origdm

fi

echo "the new ${origdm} has been changed by follow:"

echo " Enable=true"

echo " AllowRemoteRoot=true"

else

echo "you have not install X11 service"

fi

echo

echo "NOTE:"

echo "your redhat linux system version is 5."

echo "if this configuration can not work after system reboot,"

echo "you can restore the original file from /root/ directory"

echo "then login to the GUI, run gdmsetup"

echo "or"

echo "click 'system->management-->login screen'"

echo "then,click 'remote' and 'secure' tab to configure xdmcp"

fi

echo

fi

echo

}

c_ntp()

{

############################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to configure ntp client?[y|n]"

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

orifile=/var/spool/cron/root

newfile=/root/root

if [ -f $orifile ]

then

sed "/ntpdate/d" $orifile > $newfile

else

touch $orifile

fi

if grep ntpdate $orifile > /dev/null

then

for i in `sed -n '/ntpdate/p' $orifile | awk '{print $7}'`

do

((num++))

echo -n "enter the new ntp server ip-addr. server $num's ip [$i]:"

#read ntpip[$num]

read ntpip

if [ "$ntpip" = "" ]

then

ntpip=$i

fi

echo "$num * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate $ntpip" >> $newfile

done

unset num

else

echo "you can assign max three ntp server's ip!"

echo

for ((i=0;i<3;i++))

do

echo -n "enter the new ntp server ip-addr:"

read ntpip

if [ ! "$ntpip" = "" ]

then

echo "$i * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate $ntpip" >> $newfile

fi

done

fi

cp $newfile $orifile

echo

echo "the new root's crontab is"

crontab -l

echo

fi

echo

}

c_autostart()

{

############################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to active vsftpd service now? {y|n} [n] "

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

if [ "$se_type" = "y" ];then

service xinetd restart

else

chkconfig vsftpd on

service vsftpd restart

fi

fi

echo

############################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to active telnet service now? {y|n} [n] "

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

service xinetd restart

fi

echo

############################################################################

echo -n "Do you want to active bonding now? {y|n} [n] "

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

service network restart

fi

echo

############################################################################

echo "Caution:the following operation will cause you log out the GUI destop!"

echo -n "Do you want to active xdmcp now? {y|n} [n] "

read myselect

if [[ "$myselect" = "y" || "$myselect" = "Y" ]]

then

unset myselect

clear

/usr/sbin/gdm-restart

echo "the xdmcp/gdm has been restart."

fi

echo



}



############################################################################

for ((i=1;;i++))

do

menu

case "$choice" in

"0")

c_netinfo

;;

"1")

c_hosts

;;

"2")

c_gateway

;;

"3")

c_vsftpd

;;

"4")

c_bond

;;

"5")

c_telnet

;;

"6")

c_xdmcp

;;

"7")

c_ntp

;;

"8")

c_autostart

;;

"9")

;;

"a")

c_netinfo

c_gateway

c_hosts

c_vsftpd

c_bond

c_telnet

c_xdmcp

c_ntp

c_autostart

exit 0

;;

"b")

unset choice

;;

"q")

exit 0

;;

esac

if [ ! "$choice" = "" ]

then

echo "press any key to return!"

read

fi

done

2

#!/bin/sed -f

$ a\alias bond0 bonding\

options bond0 miimon=100 mode=0

3

#!/bin/sed -f

#to call:sripte_name /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

/anonymous_enable=YES/ c\anonymous_enable=NO

/#chroot_list_enable=YES/ c\#orig_line chroot_list_enable=YES\

chroot_local_user=YES

/chroot_list_file=\/etc\/vsftpd/ c\chroot_list_file=\/etc\/vsftpd\/chroot_list

其实，后2个辅助脚本完全可以融合在主脚本中，懒得的修改了，浅薄之作，望不吝赐教～