2、 软件安装 rpm –ivh libnet-1.1.0-1.fr.c.1.um.1.i386.rpm tar heartbeat-1.2.3.tar.gz ./configure make make install 3、 软件配置 如果不指定安装路径，默认情况下，配置文件在/usr/local/etc/ha.d/下，而相关可执行程序在/usr/local/lib /heartbeat/下。主要的配置文件有3个，aukeys,ha.cf和haresources。下面具体说一下这3个文件的具体功能以及配置。 在说明配置之前先大致阐述一下heartbeat的工作原理：heartbeat最核心的包括两个部分，心跳监测部分和资源接管部分，心跳监测可以通过网络链路和串口进行，而且支持冗余链路，目前1.2.3版本只支持2个节点间的监测和备份( release 2将支持多个节点，可惜正在开发之中),它们之间相互发送报文来告诉对方自己当前的状态，如果在指定的时间内未受到对方发送的报文，那么就认为对方失效，这时需启动资源接管模块来接管运行在对方主机上的资源或者服务。 3.1 authkeys heartbeat的认证配置文件 # # Authentication file. Must be mode 600 # # # Must have exactly one auth directive at the front. # auth send authentication using this method-id # # Then, list the method and key that go with that method-id # # Available methods: crc sha1, md5. Crc doesn't need/want a key. # # You normally only have one authentication method-id listed in this file # # Put more than one to make a smooth transition when changing auth # methods and/or keys. # # # sha1 is believed to be the "best", md5 next best. # # crc adds no security, except from packet corruption. # Use only on physically secure networks. # #auth 1 #1 crc #2 sha1 HI! #3 md5 Hello! 注释说得很清楚，在这里我还是解释一下，该文件主要是用于集群中两个节点的认证，采用的算法和密钥(如果有的话)在集群中节点上必须相同，目前提供了3种算法：md5,sha1和crc。其中crc不能够提供认证，它只能够用于校验数据包是否损坏，而sha1,md5需要一个密钥来进行认证，从资源消耗的角度来讲，md5消耗的比较多，sha1次之，因此建议一般使用sha1算法。 我们如果要采用sha1算法，只需要将authkeys中的auth 指令(去掉注释符)改为2，而对应的2 sha1行则需要去掉注释符(#)，后面的密钥自己改变(两节点上必须相同)。改完之后，保存，同时需要改变该文件的属性为600，否则 heartbeat启动将失败。具体命令为：chmod 600 authkeys
3.2 ha.cf heartbeat的主要配置文件，由于该文件比较大，我的注释就直接写在相关地方了，如果我们要采用哪个配置选项(或指令)，只需要去掉前面的注释符即可。 # # There are lots of options in this file. All you have to have is a set # of nodes listed {"node ...} one of {serial, bcast, mcast, or ucast}, # and a value for "auto_failback". # # ATTENTION: As the configuration file is read line by line, # THE ORDER OF DIRECTIVE MATTERS! # # In particular, make sure that the udpport, serial baud rate # etc. are set before the heartbeat media are defined! # debug and log file directives go into effect when they # are encountered. # # All will be fine if you keep them ordered as in this example. # # # Note on logging: # If any of debugfile, logfile and logfacility are defined then they # will be used. If debugfile and/or logfile are not defined and # logfacility is defined then the respective logging and debug # messages will be loged to syslog. If logfacility is not defined # then debugfile and logfile will be used to log messges. If # logfacility is not defined and debugfile and/or logfile are not # defined then defaults will be used for debugfile and logfile as # required and messages will be sent there. # # File to write debug messages to 用于记录heartbeat的调试信息 #debugfile /var/log/ha-debug # # # File to write other messages to 用于记录heartbeat的日志信息 # #logfile /var/log/ha-log # # # Facility to use for syslog()/logger #如果未定义上述的日志文件，那么日志信息将送往local0(对应的#/var/log/messages)，如果这3个日志文件都未定义，那么heartbeat默认情况下 #将在/var/log下建立ha-debug和ha-log来记录相应的日志信息。 logfacility local0 # # # A note on specifying "how long" times below... # # The default time unit is seconds # 10 means ten seconds # # You can also specify them in milliseconds # 1500ms means 1.5 seconds # # # keepalive: how long between heartbeats? #发送心跳报文的间隔，默认单位为秒，如果你毫秒为单位，那么需要在后面跟 #ms单位，如1500ms即代表1.5s #keepalive 2 # # deadtime: how long-to-declare-host-dead? # # If you set this too low you will get the problematic # split-brain (or cluster partition) problem. # See the FAQ for how to use warntime to tune deadtime. #用于配置认为对方节点菪掉的间隔 #deadtime 30 # # warntime: how long before issuing "late heartbeat" warning? # See the FAQ for how to use warntime to tune deadtime. #发出最后的心跳警告报文的间隔 #warntime 10 # # # Very first dead time (initdead) # # On some machines/OSes, etc. the network takes a while to come up # and start working right after you've been rebooted. As a result # we have a separate dead time for when things first come up. # It should be at least twice the normal dead time. #网络启动的时间 #initdead 120 # # # What UDP port to use for bcast/ucast communication? #广播/单播通讯使用的udp端口 #udpport 694 # # Baud rate for serial ports... #串口通讯的波特率 #baud 19200 #使用的串口设备，在linux上即为/dev/ttyS0(1,2,3…) # serial serialportname ... #serial /dev/ttyS0 # Linux #serial /dev/cuaa0 # FreeBSD #serial /dev/cua/a # Solaris # # # What interfaces to broadcast heartbeats over? #心跳所使用的网络接口 #bcast eth0 # Linux #bcast eth1 eth2 # Linux #bcast le0 # Solaris #bcast le1 le2 # Solaris # # Set up a multicast heartbeat medium # mcast [dev] [mcast group] [port] [ttl] [loop] # # [dev] device to send/rcv heartbeats on # [mcast group] multicast group to join (class D multicast address # 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255) # [port] udp port to sendto/rcvfrom (set this value to the # same value as "udpport" above) # [ttl] the ttl value for outbound heartbeats. this effects # how far the multicast packet will propagate. (0-255) # Must be greater than zero. # [loop] toggles loopback for outbound multicast heartbeats. # if enabled, an outbound packet will be looped back and # received by the interface it was sent on. (0 or 1) # Set this value to zero. # #如果采用组播通讯，在这里可以设置组播通讯所使用的接口，绑定的组播ip地#址(在224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255间)，通讯端口，ttl(time to live)所能经过路由的#跳数，是否允许环回(也就是本地发出的数据包时候还接收) #mcast eth0 225.0.0.1 694 1 0 # # Set up a unicast / udp heartbeat medium # ucast [dev] [peer-ip-addr] # # [dev] device to send/rcv heartbeats on # [peer-ip-addr] IP address of peer to send packets to #如果采用单播，那么可以配置其网络接口以及所使用的ip地址 #ucast eth0 192.168.1.2 # # # About boolean values... # # Any of the following case-insensitive values will work for true: # true, on, yes, y, 1 # Any of the following case-insensitive values will work for false: # false, off, no, n, 0 # # # # auto_failback: determines whether a resource will # automatically fail back to its "primary" node, or remain # on whatever node is serving it until that node fails, or # an administrator intervenes. # # The possible values for auto_failback are: # on - enable automatic failbacks # off - disable automatic failbacks # legacy - enable automatic failbacks in systems # where all nodes do not yet support # the auto_failback option. # # auto_failback "on" and "off" are backwards compatible with the old # "nice_failback on" setting. # # See the FAQ for information on how to convert # from "legacy" to "on" without a flash cut. # (i.e., using a "rolling upgrade" process) # # The default value for auto_failback is "legacy", which # will issue a warning at startup. So, make sure you put # an auto_failback directive in your ha.cf file. # (note: auto_failback can be any boolean or "legacy") #用于决定，当拥有该资源的属主恢复之后，资源是否变迁：是迁移到属主上， #还是在当前节点上继续运行，直到当前节点出现故障。 auto_failback on # # # Basic STONITH support # Using this directive assumes that there is one stonith # device in the cluster. Parameters to this device are # read from a configuration file. The format of this line is: # # stonith # # NOTE: it is up to you to maintain this file on each node in the # cluster! #用于共享资源的集群环境中，采用stonith防御技术来保证数据的一致性 #stonith baytech /etc/ha.d/conf/stonith.baytech # # STONITH support # You can configure multiple stonith devices using this directive. # The format of the line is: # stonith_host # is the machine the stonith device is attached # to or * to mean it is accessible from any host. # is the type of stonith device (a list of # supported drives is in /usr/lib/stonith.) # are driver specific parameters. To see the # format for a particular device, run: # stonith -l -t # # # Note that if you put your stonith device access information in # here, and you make this file publically readable, you're asking # for a denial of service attack ;-) # # To get a list of supported stonith devices, run # stonith -L # For detailed information on which stonith devices are supported # and their detailed configuration options, run this command: # stonith -h # #stonith_host * baytech 10.0.0.3 mylogin mysecretpassword #stonith_host ken3 rps10 /dev/ttyS1 kathy 0 #stonith_host kathy rps10 /dev/ttyS1 ken3 0 # # Watchdog is the watchdog timer. If our own heart doesn't beat for # a minute, then our machine will reboot. # NOTE: If you are using the software watchdog, you very likely # wish to load the module with the parameter "nowayout=0" or # compile it without CONFIG_WATCHDOG_NOWAYOUT set. Otherwise even # an orderly shutdown of heartbeat will trigger a reboot, which is # very likely NOT what you want. #该指令是用于设置看门狗定时器，如果节点一分钟内都没有心跳，那么节点将 #重新启动 #watchdog /dev/watchdog # # Tell what machines are in the cluster # node nodename ... -- must match uname –n #设置集群中的节点，注意：节点名必须与uname –n相匹配 #node ken3 #node kathy # # Less common options... # # Treats 10.10.10.254 as a psuedo-cluster-member # Used together with ipfail below... #ping指令以及下面的ping_group指令是用于建立伪集群成员，它们必须与下述#的ipfail指令一起使用，它们的作用是监测物理链路，也就是说如果集群节点 #与上述伪设备不相通，那么该节点也将无权接管资源或服务，它将释放掉资源。 #ping 10.10.10.254 # # Treats 10.10.10.254 and 10.10.10.253 as a psuedo-cluster-member # called group1. If either 10.10.10.254 or 10.10.10.253 are up # then group1 is up # Used together with ipfail below... # #ping_group group1 10.10.10.254 10.10.10.253 # # Processes started and stopped with heartbeat. Restarted unless # they exit with rc=100 #可以定义与heartbeat一起启动和停止的进程 #respawn userid /path/name/to/run #respawn hacluster /usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail # # Access control for client api # default is no access #设置你所指定的启动进程的权限 #apiauth client-name gid=gidlist uid=uidlist #apiauth ipfail gid=haclient uid=hacluster
########################### #下面是一些非常用选项，在这里就不祥述了 # Unusual options. # ########################### # # hopfudge maximum hop count minus number of nodes in config #hopfudge 1 # # deadping - dead time for ping nodes #deadping 30 # # hbgenmethod - Heartbeat generation number creation method # Normally these are stored on disk and incremented as needed. #hbgenmethod time # # realtime - enable/disable realtime execution (high priority, etc.) # defaults to on #realtime off # # debug - set debug level # defaults to zero #debug 1 # # API Authentication - replaces the fifo-permissions-based system of the past # # # You can put a uid list and/or a gid list. # If you put both, then a process is authorized if it qualifies under either # the uid list, or under the gid list. # # The groupname "default" has special meaning. If it is specified, then # this will be used for authorizing groupless clients, and any client groups # not otherwise specified. # #apiauth ipfail uid=hacluster #apiauth ccm uid=hacluster #apiauth ping gid=haclient uid=alanr,root #apiauth default gid=haclient
# message format in the wire, it can be classic or netstring, default is classic #msgfmt netstring
3.3 haresource heartbeat的资源配置文件 # # This is a list of resources that move from machine to machine as # nodes go down and come up in the cluster. Do not include # "administrative" or fixed IP addresses in this file. # # # The haresources files MUST BE IDENTICAL on all nodes of the cluster. # # The node names listed in front of the resource group information # is the name of the preferred node to run the service. It is # not necessarily the name of the current machine. If you are running # auto_failback ON (or legacy), then these services will be started # up on the preferred nodes - any time they're up. # # If you are running with auto_failback OFF, then the node information # will be used in the case of a simultaneous start-up, or when using # the hb_standby {foreign,local} command. # # BUT FOR ALL OF THESE CASES, the haresources files MUST BE IDENTICAL. # If your files are different then almost certainly something # won't work right. # # # # We refer to this file when we're coming up, and when a machine is being # taken over after going down. # # You need to make this right for your installation, then install it in # /etc/ha.d # # Each logical line in the file constitutes a "resource group". # A resource group is a list of resources which move together from # one node to another - in the order listed. It is assumed that there # is no relationship between different resource groups. These # resource in a resource group are started left-to-right, and stopped # right-to-left. Long lists of resources can be continued from line # to line by ending the lines with backslashes (""). # # These resources in this file are either IP addresses, or the name # of scripts to run to "start" or "stop" the given resource. # # The format is like this: # #node-name resource1 resource2 ... resourceN # # # If the resource name contains an :: in the middle of it, the # part after the :: is passed to the resource script as an argument. # Multiple arguments are separated by the :: delimeter # # In the case of IP addresses, the resource script name IPaddr is # implied. # # For example, the IP address 135.9.8.7 could also be represented # as IPaddr::135.9.8.7 # # THIS IS IMPORTANT!! vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv # # The given IP address is directed to an interface which has a route # to the given address. This means you have to have a net route # set up outside of the High-Availability structure. We don't set it # up here -- we key off of it. # # The broadcast address for the IP alias that is created to support # an IP address defaults to the highest address on the subnet. # # The netmask for the IP alias that is created defaults to the same # netmask as the route that it selected in in the step above. # # The base interface for the IPalias that is created defaults to the # same netmask as the route that it selected in in the step above. # # If you want to specify that this IP address is to be brought up # on a subnet with a netmask of 255.255.255.0, you would specify # this as IPaddr::135.9.8.7/24 . # # If you wished to tell it that the broadcast address for this subnet # was 135.9.8.210, then you would specify that this way: # IPaddr::135.9.8.7/24/135.9.8.210 # # If you wished to tell it that the interface to add the address to # is eth0, then you would need to specify it this way: # IPaddr::135.9.8.7/24/eth0 # # And this way to specify both the broadcast address and the # interface: # IPaddr::135.9.8.7/24/eth0/135.9.8.210 # # The IP addresses you list in this file are called "service" addresses, # since they're they're the publicly advertised addresses that clients # use to get at highly available services. # # For a hot/standby (non load-sharing) 2-node system with only # a single service address, # you will probably only put one system name and one IP address in here. # The name you give the address to is the name of the default "hot" # system. # # Where the nodename is the name of the node which "normally" owns the # resource. If this machine is up, it will always have the resource # it is shown as owning. # # The string you put in for nodename must match the uname -n name # of your machine. Depending on how you have it administered, it could # be a short name or a FQDN. # #------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Simple case: One service address, default subnet and netmask # No servers that go up and down with the IP address # #just.linux-ha.org 135.9.216.110 # #------------------------------------------------------------------- # # Assuming the adminstrative addresses are on the same subnet... # A little more complex case: One service address, default subnet # and netmask, and you want to start and stop http when you get # the IP address... # #just.linux-ha.org 135.9.216.110 http #------------------------------------------------------------------- # # A little more complex case: Three service addresses, default subnet # and netmask, and you want to start and stop http when you get # the IP address... # #just.linux-ha.org 135.9.216.110 135.9.215.111 135.9.216.112 httpd #------------------------------------------------------------------- # # One service address, with the subnet, interface and bcast addr # explicitly defined. # #just.linux-ha.org 135.9.216.3/28/eth0/135.9.216.12 httpd # #------------------------------------------------------------------- # # An example where a shared filesystem is to be used. # Note that multiple aguments are passed to this script using # the delimiter '::' to separate each argument. # #node1 10.0.0.170 Filesystem::/dev/sda1::/data1::ext2 # # Regarding the node-names in this file: # # They must match the names of the nodes listed in ha.cf, which in turn # must match the `uname -n` of some node in the cluster. So they aren't # virtual in any sense of the word. # 上面是haresource文件，该文件主要是为你部署的集群配置资源或者服务，它的每一有效行的格式如下： node-name resource1 resource2 ... resourceN 其中node-name即为集群中某一节点的名称，必须与uname –n相同， 后面的资源组resource1 resource2 …resourceN中每一个资源都是一个shell脚本，它们的搜索路径为/etc/init.d/和/usr/local/etc/ha.d /resource.d(该路径根据你所安装heartbeat的路径有所不同)，heartbeat为我们提供了一个非常好的资源扩展框架，如果我们需要控制一种自己的资源，只需要实现一个支持start和stop参数的shell脚本就可以了，目前heartbeat所支持的资源脚本可以在我提供的上述路径中去查看。
