_IO,_IOR,_IOW和_IORW的含义

对于系统支持设备的ioctl号，你可以在/usr/include下面的头文件中找到，对于你自己的设备，如果需要使用ioctl接口，则需要定义自己 的ioctl号。以前的2.4中有个问题是，大家都随便定义自己的ioctl号，造成很大可能性的重复性。一个坏处是难以管理，另外一个是容易造成错误， 例如如果用户本来希望打开一个串口设备，结果通过open打开了网口，如果串口的某个ioctl号正好是网口的关闭操作，这样就会造成错误。在2.6里 面，你定义自己的ioctl号最好使用_IO,   _IOR,   _IOW和_IORW来定义，这些宏考虑了第三个参数的长度，设备的magic number，以及操作的方向等，避免了2.4中的问题

: _IO(type,nr)(给没有参数的命令),
_IOR(type, nre, datatype)(给从驱动中读数据的),
_IOW(type,nr,datatype)(给写数据),
_IOWR(type,nr,datatype)(给双向传送).
type 和 number 成员作为参数被传递,
并且 size 成员通过应用 sizeof 到 datatype 参数而得到

/*
* linux/ioctl.h for Linux by H.H. Bergman.
*/

#ifndef _ASMARM_IOCTL_H
#define _ASMARM_IOCTL_H

/* ioctl command encoding: 32 bits total, command in lower 16 bits,
* size of the parameter structure in the lower 14 bits of the
* upper 16 bits.
* Encoding the size of the parameter structure in the ioctl request
* is useful for catching programs compiled with old versions
* and to avoid overwriting user space outside the user buffer area.
* The highest 2 bits are reserved for indicating the ``access mode''.
* NOTE: This limits the max parameter size to 16kB -1 !
*/

/*
* The following is for compatibility across the various Linux
* platforms. The i386 ioctl numbering scheme doesn't really enforce
* a type field. De facto, however, the top 8 bits of the lower 16
* bits are indeed used as a type field, so we might just as well make
* this explicit here. Please be sure to use the decoding macros
* below from now on.
*/
#define _IOC_NRBITS 8
#define _IOC_TYPEBITS 8
#define _IOC_SIZEBITS 14
#define _IOC_DIRBITS 2

#define _IOC_NRMASK ((1 << _IOC_NRBITS)-1)
#define _IOC_TYPEMASK ((1 << _IOC_TYPEBITS)-1)
#define _IOC_SIZEMASK ((1 << _IOC_SIZEBITS)-1)
#define _IOC_DIRMASK ((1 << _IOC_DIRBITS)-1)

#define _IOC_NRSHIFT 0
#define _IOC_TYPESHIFT (_IOC_NRSHIFT+_IOC_NRBITS)
#define _IOC_SIZESHIFT (_IOC_TYPESHIFT+_IOC_TYPEBITS)
#define _IOC_DIRSHIFT (_IOC_SIZESHIFT+_IOC_SIZEBITS)

/*
* Direction bits.
*/
#define _IOC_NONE 0U
#define _IOC_WRITE 1U
#define _IOC_READ 2U

#define _IOC(dir,type,nr,size) \
(((dir) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT) | \
((type) << _IOC_TYPESHIFT) | \
((nr) << _IOC_NRSHIFT) | \
((size) << _IOC_SIZESHIFT))

/* used to create numbers */
#define _IO(type,nr) _IOC(_IOC_NONE,(type),(nr),0)
#define _IOR(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_READ,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))
#define _IOW(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))
#define _IOWR(type,nr,size) _IOC(_IOC_READ|_IOC_WRITE,(type),(nr),sizeof(size))

/* used to decode ioctl numbers.. */
#define _IOC_DIR(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_DIRSHIFT) & _IOC_DIRMASK)
#define _IOC_TYPE(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_TYPESHIFT) & _IOC_TYPEMASK)
#define _IOC_NR(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_NRSHIFT) & _IOC_NRMASK)
#define _IOC_SIZE(nr) (((nr) >> _IOC_SIZESHIFT) & _IOC_SIZEMASK)

/* ...and for the drivers/sound files... */

#define IOC_IN (_IOC_WRITE << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
#define IOC_OUT (_IOC_READ << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
#define IOC_INOUT ((_IOC_WRITE|_IOC_READ) << _IOC_DIRSHIFT)
#define IOCSIZE_MASK (_IOC_SIZEMASK << _IOC_SIZESHIFT)
#define IOCSIZE_SHIFT (_IOC_SIZESHIFT)

#endif /* _ASMARM_IOCTL_H */