嵌入式移植三步曲 郑明莉

嵌入式移植三步曲

 

班级:09级计算机应用二班    姓名:郑明莉     学号:0906042007

 

BootLoader的移植、Linux的移植、根文件系统的移植

前提：创建交叉编译环境

1、[root@localhost opt]# ll arm-linux-*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36273634 06-13 12:21 arm-linux-gcc-2.95.3.tar.bz2

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 42745480 06-13 12:22 arm-linux-gcc-3.4.1.tar.bz2

2、[root@localhost opt]# tar -xjvf arm-linux-gcc-2.95.3.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/arm

tar: /usr/local/arm：无法 chdir: 没有那个文件或目录

tar: 错误不可恢复：现在退出

要先在/usr/local下创建一个arm文件夹，再执行tar -xjvf arm-linux-gcc-2.95.3.tar.bz2 -C /usr/local/arm

3、[root@localhost opt]# gedit /etc/profile 

在文件profile中添加

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin

设置编译环境是2.95.3

4、[root@localhost opt]# source /etc/profile   //使/etc/profile中添加的一行生效

[root@localhost opt]# arm-linux-gcc -v        //查看编译器

Reading specs from /usr/local/arm/2.95.3/lib/gcc-lib/arm-linux/2.95.3/specs

gcc version 2.95.3 20010315 (release)

[root@localhost opt]#

（2）、skyeye的安装

1、[root@localhost opt]# tar -xjvf skyeye－1.2.6_rc1.tar.bz2 -C ./

2、[root@localhost opt]# cd skyeye-1.2.6_rc1

3、[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# ls

aclocal.m4      ChangeLog     configure     depcomp     LICENSE      misc     REPORTING-BUGS

arch            config.guess  configure.in  device      MAINTAINERS  missing  TODO

AUTHORS         config.h.in   COPYING       INSTALL     Makefile.am  NEWS     utils

autom4te.cache  config.sub    dbct          install-sh  Makefile.in  README

4、[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# ./configure   //配置

5、[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# make          //编译

6、[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# make install   //将skyeye安装到/usr/local/bin/

7、[root@localhost skyeye-1.2.6_rc1]# mv /usr/local/bin/skyeye /usr/local/bin/skye1.2.6 

  //将/usr/local/bin/skyeye改名为：/usr/local/bin/skye1.2.6

一、BootLoder的移植

1、编辑u-boot根目录中的Makefile文件:
将
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-
endif
改为
ifeq ($(ARCH),arm)
CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/local/arm/2.95.3/bin/arm-linux-
endif

在
smdk2410_config    :    unconfig
    @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0
后面添加
ok2410_config    :    unconfig
    @./mkconfig $(@:_config=) arm arm920t ok2410 NULL s3c24x0
2、编辑ok2410.h头文件
3、编辑board/ok2410/Makefile文件
     [root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit board/ok2410/Makefile
     将
OBJS    := smdk2410.o flash.o
改为
OBJS    := ok2410.o flash.o
4、配置、编译u-boot
  # make ok2410_config
# make
错误：

........................................
       cc1: Invalid option `abi=apcs-gnu'
make[1]: *** [hello_world.o] 错误 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/Desktop/u-boot-1.1.4/examples'
make: *** [examples] 错误 2
修改：# gedit cpu/arm920t/config.mk
        将
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,-mabi=apcs-gnu)
改成：
PLATFORM_CPPFLAGS +=$(call cc-option,-mapcs-32,$(call cc-option,-mabi=apcs-gnu,))
将原文件的第58行开始的内容：
SREC    = hello_world.srec
BIN    = hello_world.bin hello_world
改为
SREC    = hello_world.o
BIN    = hello_world.o hello_world

[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# ll u-boot*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 396137 06-15 08:26 u-boot
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 100156 06-15 08:26 u-boot.bin
-rw-r—r— 1 root root  48690 06-15 08:26 u-boot.map
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 300538 06-15 08:26 u-boot.srec
5、编写skyeye1.2.6文件：
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# gedit skyeye.conf
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************

Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump

Init nandflash dump file.
file size:69206016
finish init nandflash dump
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032


U-Boot 1.1.4 (Jun 15 2011 - 08:26:05)

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9873C  BSS: -> 33F9C814
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
OK2410 #

6、移植nand：
7、修改board/ok2410/Makefile：
   将
OBJS    := ok2410.o flash.o
改为
OBJS    := ok2410.o flash.o nand_read.o
8、编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件
 在文件后部添加：/****************** me add begin *******************/
/*
* Nandflash Boot
*/
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF               0x00
#define oNFCMD                0x04
#define oNFADDR               0x08
#define oNFDATA               0x0c
#define oNFSTAT               0x10
#define oNFECC                0x14
/****************** me add end *******************/
9、编译测试u-boot:
  执行skyeye1.26.:
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************

Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin
到此停止不动：需要执行命令：gcc -g mknandflashdump.c
                                                  ./a.out u-boot.bin nand.dump 0x0
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# gcc -g mknandflashdump.c
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# ./a.out u-boot.bin nand.dump 0x0
offset: 0x0 = 0
1  pos: 0x0 = 0
2  pos: 0x0 = 0
finish
11、编辑include/configs/ok2410.h文件
12、修改 common/cmd_nand.c文件

[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# ./mknandflashdump u-boot.bin nand.dump 0
offset: 0x0 = 0
1  pos: 0x0 = 0
2  pos: 0x0 = 0
finish
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]#  skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************

Your elf file is little endian.
arch: arm
cpu info: armv4, arm920t, 41009200, ff00fff0, 2
mach info: name s3c2410x, mach_init addr 0x806bae0
ethmod num=1, mac addr=8:0:3e:26:a:5b, hostip=10.0.0.1
nandflash: dump ./nand.dump
file size:69206016
dbct info: turn on dbct!
uart_mod:0, desc_in:, desc_out:, converter:
SKYEYE: use arm920t mmu ops
Loaded RAM   ./u-boot.bin
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000000) = 0x00ffffff
ERROR: s3c2410x_io_write_word(0x4c000008) = 0x00048032


U-Boot 1.1.4 (Jun 15 2011 - 09:06:00)

U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9C308  BSS: -> 33FA03E4
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND:  64 MB
*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
OK2410 #

二、根据硬件环境编译原程序.是用linux-2.6.14.7.tar.bz2，将其解压之后修改 Makefile文件，然后再对网上进行移植，用cs8900,接着编辑arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/mach- smdk2410.c文件。设置flash分区.

内核的编译中出现的错误:[root@bogon linux-2.6.14.7]# make
make: /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-：命令未找到
  CHK     include/linux/version.h
  UPD     include/linux/version.h
  SPLIT   include/linux/autoconf.h -> include/config/*
  SYMLINK include/asm-arm/arch -> include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410
  Generating include/asm-arm/mach-types.h
  SYMLINK include/asm -> include/asm-arm
  CC      arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s
/bin/sh: /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-: 没有那个文件或目录
make[1]: *** [arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s] 错误 1
make: *** [prepare0] 错误 2
修改：[root@bogon linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit Makefile
 AS        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-as
LD        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-ld
CC        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-gcc
CPP        = $(CC) -E
AR        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-ar
NM        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-nm
STRIP        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-strip
OBJCOPY        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-objcopy
OBJDUMP        = /usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-objdump
[root@bogon linux-2.6.14.7]# gedit arch/arm/mach-s3c2410/devs.c
将devs.c中的／＊nand*/内容移动到文件前面
三、根文件系统的移植

1、编辑Makefile文件

 将

CROSS_COMPILE ?=

改为

CROSS_COMPILE ?=/usr/local/arm/3.4.1/bin/arm-linux-

 

将

ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH)

改为

ARCH ?= arm

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make defconfig

//恢复config的默认配置

2、修改配置信息

3、再次编译时出现的错误

编译
[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make
networking/interface.c:818: error: (near initialization for `ib_hwtype.type')
make[1]: *** [networking/interface.o] 错误 1
make: *** [networking] 错误 2
修改:将networking/interface.c文件的818行修改为“.type = -1即可:

 

[root@localhost busybox-1.13.4]# make install

----------------------------------------------------

You will probably need to make your busybox binary

setuid root to ensure all configured applets will

work properly.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4、创建配置文件

编写etc/init.d/rcS文件、修改其权限

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/init.d/rcS#!/bin/sh

# mount all filesystem defined in "fstab"

echo "#mount all......."

/bin/mount -a

 

/bin/mknod -m 600 /dev/console c 5 1

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/null c 1 3

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/tty0 c 4 0

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock0 b 31 0

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock1 b 31 1

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock2 b 31 2

/bin/mknod -m 666 /dev/mtdblock3 b 31 3

#/bin/mount -t ext2 /dev/mtdblock3 /mnt/temp/

 

echo "******************************************************************"

echo "                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by zml, 2009.05"

echo "******************************************************************"

编写etc/fstab和etc/profile文件、修改其权限

创建密码文件，并修改权限

[root@localhost nfs]# cp /etc/passwd etc/ ;cp /etc/shadow etc/ ;cp /etc/group etc/

[root@localhost nfs]# chmod 600 etc/shadow

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/passwd

内容是：root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/shadow

内容是：root:$1$zs2zr2N4$15U99ll5tUm3DwOvKnCVV1:14335:0:99999:7:::

[root@localhost nfs]# gedit etc/group

内容是：root:x:0:root

5、完整启动。

   （1）编辑/etc/xinetd.d/tftp文件

      （2）重启tftp服务器

（3）编辑/etc/exports文件

（4）重启NFS服务器

（5）完整的启动过程（u-boot、内核、文件系统、用户程序），使用NFS文件系统
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.
***********************************************************************
....................................................
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND:  64 MB
*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110
Filename 'uImage'.
Load address: 0x31000000
Loading: checksum bad
T T T T

修改以上问题:

搭建tftp,并修改其权限

＃chmod -R 777/tftpboot

[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# iptables -F
[root@bogon u-boot-1.1.4]# exporfts

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# exportfs -ra      

[root@localhost u-boot-1.1.4]# skyeye1.2.6

**************************** WARNING **********************************

If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate

your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,

you need to set the filename of the image and its entry in skyeye.conf.

***********************************************************************

……                  

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

zml2410 # run bootcmd

TFTP from server 10.0.0.1; our IP address is 10.0.0.110

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x31000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

#################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         ################################

done

Bytes transferred = 1161416 (11b8c8 hex)

## Booting image at 31000000 ...

   Image Name:   linux-2.6.14.7

   Created:      2009-05-24  11:22:39 UTC

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:    1161352 Bytes =  1.1 MB

   Load Address: 30008000

   Entry Point:  30008000

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

OK

………………………………....省略

**********************************************************************************

                   OK 2410 Rootfs made by  zml, 2009.05

**********************************************************************************

10.0.0.110login: root

login[25]:

[root@wsf /root]# less test.c                       //查看文件内容

#include

#include

 

int main (int argc,char* argv[])

{

    int i;

    printf("===== main =====\n");

    printf ("Hello world!\n");

    for(i=0;i

    {

        printf("argv[%d]=%s\n",i,argv[i]);

    }

    printf("==== exit main ====\n");

    return 0;

}

**************************** WARNING **********************************
If you want to run ELF image, you should use -e option to indicate
your elf-format image filename. Or you only want to run binary image,
...................................................

U-Boot 1.1.4 (Jun 15 2011 - 09:06:00)
U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9C308  BSS: -> 33FA03E4
RAM Configuration:
Bank #0: 30000000 64 MB
Flash: 512 kB
NAND:  64 MB
*** Warning - bad CRC or NAND, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0
zmlOK2410 #

 

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