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QT源码解析(一) QT创建窗口程序、消息循环和WinMain函数
QT源码解析(二)深入剖析QT元对象系统和信号槽机制
QT源码解析(三)深入剖析QT元对象系统和信号槽机制(续)
QT源码解析(四)剖析Qt的事件机制原理
QT源码解析(五)QLibrary跨平台调用动态库的实现
QT源码解析(六)Qt信号槽机制与事件机制的联系
QT源码解析(七)Qt创建窗体的过程
QT源码解析(八)Qt是如何处理windows消息的
QT源码解析(九)解析QDateTime
看到了网友的提问:
我看到过这样的论断: "signal和slot机制与GUI的事件循环完全没有关系,当所有链接到这个signal的slot执行完成之后,在emit代码行之后的代码才会被执行。" "当emit一个信号后,只有在所有与之相连的信号或槽返回后,emit才会返回。" 这2句话说的是同一个意思,但它们对吗? 1. 这2句话是不是针对单线程的,或者说是在同一个线程中的信号和槽? 2. 当线程A,B同时向另一个线程C的同一个槽发射信号时,如果线程C没有自己的事件循环,那些发过来的信号会排队吗,还是会丢失? 如果有事件循环情况又如何? 3. 接上面的问题2,假设GUI线程是D,线程C的对象存在于D,那C的槽函数是在C中还是在D中被执行的呢? 4. 线程A在向C发射信号后,会向开头那些话所说的,在C的槽返回之后再执行emit之后的信号么?
发现,在上一篇对信号槽极致的分析还不是那么透彻。下面专门来回答一下网友的问题。
首先我们来看一段代码:
- #include
- #include
- #include
- using namespace std ;
-
- class Counter : public QObject
- {
- Q_OBJECT
- int value ;
- signals:
- void valueChanged( int val);
- public slots:
- void setValue(int val)
- {
- value = val ;
- emit valueChanged( value ) ;
- cout<<"Counter emit executed"<
- };
- public:
- Counter(int val) : value( val ){};
- Counter():value(0){};
- friend std::ostream& operator<< ( std::ostream& os, const Counter& c) {return os << c.value ; };
- } ;
-
- class Counter1 : public QObject
- {
- Q_OBJECT
- int value ;
-
- public slots:
- void slotfunc(int val)
- {
- int i = value;
- value = val ;
- cout<" Counter1 slot executed"<
- };
- public:
- Counter1(int val) : value( val ){};
- Counter1():value(0){};
- friend std::ostream& operator<< ( std::ostream& os, const Counter1& c) {return os << c.value ; };
- } ;
- #include "main.moc"
- int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
- {
- Counter a;
- Counter1 b( 10 ) ;
- Counter1 b1( 11 ) ;
- cout << "We have two counters, " << a<< " and " << b << endl ;
- QObject::connect( &a, SIGNAL( valueChanged(int) ),&b, SLOT( slotfunc(int) ) ) ;
- QObject::connect( &a, SIGNAL( valueChanged(int) ),&b1, SLOT( slotfunc(int) ) ) ;
-
- a.setValue( 12 ) ;
- cout << "We have two counters, " << a << " and " << b << endl ;
-
- b.setValue( 5 ) ;
- cout << "We have two counters, " << a << " and " << b << endl ;
-
- int i;
- cin>>i;
- return 0 ;
- }
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std ;
class Counter : public QObject
{
Q_OBJECT
int value ;
signals:
void valueChanged( int val);
public slots:
void setValue(int val)
{
value = val ;
emit valueChanged( value ) ;
cout<<"Counter emit executed"<>i;
return 0 ;
}
在pro文件中要指定:
CONFIG += console
QT -= gui
这样,我们就没有使用gui部分。
这是生成的Makefile部分:
LIBS = d:\qt4.4.3\lib\QtCored4.lib
很明显,我们只用了QtCored4.lib部分,并咩有使用Gui部分。所以说QT的signal、slot机制于Gui没有关系。
下面是运行结果,从运行结果很明显能看得出来:
C:\test1\debug>test1.exe
We have two counters, 0 and 10
10 Counter1 slot executed
11 Counter1 slot executed
Counter emit executed
很明显:
是slot首先执行,然后是emit后面的代码再继续执行,看起来貌似signal和slot是阻塞的。下面我们在看一下朋友说的第二种情况:
添加线程类:
- class Producer : public QThread
- {
- private:
- Counter1* m_c;
- public:
- void run()
- {
- Counter Producera;
- QObject::connect( &Producera, SIGNAL( valueChanged(int) ),m_c, SLOT( slotfunc(int) ) ) ;
- Producera.setValue( 12 ) ;
- };
- void SetCount(Counter1 *c){m_c = c;};
- public:
- };
class Producer : public QThread
{
private:
Counter1* m_c;
public:
void run()
{
Counter Producera;
QObject::connect( &Producera, SIGNAL( valueChanged(int) ),m_c, SLOT( slotfunc(int) ) ) ;
Producera.setValue( 12 ) ;
};
void SetCount(Counter1 *c){m_c = c;};
public:
};
然后把main函数改成如下形式:
- int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
- {
- Counter1 b1( 11 ) ;
-
- Producer producer;
- producer.SetCount(&b1);
- Producer producer1;
- producer1.SetCount(&b1);
- producer.run();
- producer1.run();
- int i;
- cin>>i;
- return 0 ;
- }
int main( int argc, char *argv[] )
{
Counter1 b1( 11 ) ;
Producer producer;
producer.SetCount(&b1);
Producer producer1;
producer1.SetCount(&b1);
producer.run();
producer1.run();
int i;
cin>>i;
return 0 ;
}
我们再来看一下运行结果:
C:\test1\debug>test1.exe
11 Counter1 slot executed
Counter emit executed
12 Counter1 slot executed
Counter emit executed
和上面的所有的操作在单线程中的结果有所不同,这时候是slot执行之后,直接返回,继续执行emit后面的代码。
貌似这时候结论已经出来了,单线程和多线程的执行结果不同。就如上面的测试结果一样。但是事实是这样么?
如果你仔细看了我的上一篇QT源码解析的文章:QT源码解析(二)深入剖析QT元对象系统和信号槽机制
在src/corelib/kernel/qobject.cpp文件的void QMetaObject::activate函数中。
文章:QT源码解析(二)深入剖析QT元对象系统和信号槽机制也对activate函数做了详细的解释,下面我再解释一下。
-
- QThread * const currentThread = QThread::currentThread();
- const int currentQThreadId = currentThread ? QThreadData::get(currentThread)->id : -1;
-
- QVarLengthArray<int> connections;
- for (; it != end && it.key() == sender; ++it) {
- connections.append(it.value());
-
- list->connections[it.value()].inUse = 1;
- }
-
- for (int i = 0; i < connections.size(); ++i) {
- const int at = connections.constData()[connections.size() - (i + 1)];
- QConnectionList * const list = ::connectionList();
-
- QConnection &c = list->connections[at];
- c.inUse = 0;
-
- if (!c.receiver || (c.signal < from_signal_index || c.signal > to_signal_index))
- continue;
-
-
-
-
- if ((c.type == Qt::AutoConnection
- && (currentQThreadId != sender->d_func()->thread
- || c.receiver->d_func()->thread != sender->d_func()->thread))
- || (c.type == Qt::QueuedConnection)) {
-
- ::queued_activate(sender, c, argv);
- continue;
- }
-
- const int method = c.method;
- QObject * const previousSender = c.receiver->d_func()->currentSender;
- c.receiver->d_func()->currentSender = sender;
- list->lock.unlock();
- if (qt_signal_spy_callback_set.slot_begin_callback != 0)
- qt_signal_spy_callback_set.slot_begin_callback(c.receiver, method, argv ? argv : empty_argv);
-
- #if defined(QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
- c.receiver->qt_metacall(QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, method, argv ? argv : empty_argv);
- #else
- try {
-
- c.receiver->qt_metacall(QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, method, argv ? argv : empty_argv);
- } catch (...) {
- list->lock.lockForRead();
- if (c.receiver)
- c.receiver->d_func()->currentSender = previousSender;
- throw;
- }
- #endif
//获取当前线程ID
QThread * const currentThread = QThread::currentThread();
const int currentQThreadId = currentThread ? QThreadData::get(currentThread)->id : -1;
// 记录sender连接的索引
QVarLengthArray connections;
for (; it != end && it.key() == sender; ++it) {
connections.append(it.value());
// 打上使用标记,因为可能是放在队列中
list->connections[it.value()].inUse = 1;
}
//遍历所有的链接
for (int i = 0; i < connections.size(); ++i) {
const int at = connections.constData()[connections.size() - (i + 1)];
QConnectionList * const list = ::connectionList();
// 得到连接
QConnection &c = list->connections[at];
c.inUse = 0;
//判断连接是否合法
if (!c.receiver || (c.signal < from_signal_index || c.signal > to_signal_index))
continue;
// 判断是否放到队列中
// determine if this connection should be sent immediately or
// put into the event queue
//这里就是最重要的地方。
if ((c.type == Qt::AutoConnection
&& (currentQThreadId != sender->d_func()->thread
|| c.receiver->d_func()->thread != sender->d_func()->thread))
|| (c.type == Qt::QueuedConnection)) {
//进入队列。下一篇再详细解释这里。
::queued_activate(sender, c, argv);
continue;
}
// 为receiver设置当前发送者
const int method = c.method;
QObject * const previousSender = c.receiver->d_func()->currentSender;
c.receiver->d_func()->currentSender = sender;
list->lock.unlock();
if (qt_signal_spy_callback_set.slot_begin_callback != 0)
qt_signal_spy_callback_set.slot_begin_callback(c.receiver, method, argv ? argv : empty_argv);
#if defined(QT_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
c.receiver->qt_metacall(QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, method, argv ? argv : empty_argv);
#else
try {
// 直接执行slot的方法。调用receiver的方法
c.receiver->qt_metacall(QMetaObject::InvokeMetaMethod, method, argv ? argv : empty_argv);
} catch (...) {
list->lock.lockForRead();
if (c.receiver)
c.receiver->d_func()->currentSender = previousSender;
throw;
}
#endif
其中最关键的地方就是这里:
if ((c.type == Qt::AutoConnection
&& (currentQThreadId != sender->d_func()->thread
|| c.receiver->d_func()->thread != sender->d_func()->thread))
|| (c.type == Qt::QueuedConnection))
打开QAssistant,找到:
bool
QObject::connect ( const QObject * sender, const char * signal, const
QObject * receiver, const char * method, Qt::ConnectionType type =
Qt::AutoConnection ) [static]
看到了,原来connect是5个参数,其中第五个参数
Qt::ConnectionType type = Qt::AutoConnection是有默认值的,我们再看一下
Qt::ConnectionType
Constant
|
Value
|
Description
|
Qt::DirectConnection
|
1
|
When emitted, the signal is immediately delivered to the slot.
|
Qt::QueuedConnection
|
2
|
When emitted, the signal is queued until the event loop is able to deliver it to the slot.
|
Qt::BlockingQueuedConnection
|
4
|
Same
as QueuedConnection, except that the current thread blocks until the
slot has been delivered. This connection type should only be used for
receivers in a different thread. Note that misuse of this type can lead
to dead locks in your application.
|
Qt::AutoConnection
|
0
|
If
the signal is emitted from the thread in which the receiving object
lives, the slot is invoked directly, as with Qt::DirectConnection;
otherwise the signal is queued, as with Qt::QueuedConnection.
|
Qt支持三种类型的信号-槽连接:
1,直接连接,当signal发射时,slot立即调用。此slot在发射signal的那个线程中被执行(不一定是接收对象生存的那个线程)
2,队列连接,当控制权回到对象属于的那个线程的事件循环时,slot被调用。此slot在接收对象生存的那个线程中被执行
3,自动连接(缺省),假如信号发射与接收者在同一个线程中,其行为如直接连接,否则,其行为如队列连接。
连接类型可能通过以向connect()传递参数来指定。注意的是,当发送者与接收者生存在不同的线程中,而事件循环正运行于接收者的线程中,使用直接连接是不安全的。同样的道理,调用生存在不同的线程中的对象的函数也是不是安全的。QObject::connect()本身是线程安全的。
这样的问题就有答案了。
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