centos 5.4+Layer7封qq、msn和p2p下载（转）

一、安装前准备

1.所需要软件包
  linux-2.6.28.tar.gz   
  iptables-1.4.3.2.tar.bz2       
  netfilter-layer7-v2.22.tar.gz  
  l7-protocols-2009-05-28.tar.gz 

2.把以上内核和软件包解压到/usr/src下(这个是我个人的习惯）
  tar -zxvf linux-2.6.28.tar.gz -C /usr/src
  tar -zxvf netfilter-layer7-v2.22.tar.gz -C /usr/src
  tar -zxvf l7-protocols-2009-05-28.tar.gz -C /usr/src
  tar -jxvf iptables-1.4.3.2.tar.bz2 -C /usr/src

3.卸载系统自带的iptables
  rpm -qa | grep iptables   列出已安装的iptables包
  rpm -e --nodeps  ~~
 
二、安装layer7

1.给新内核安装layer7补丁
  cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.28/
  patch -p1 < /usr/src/netfilter-layer7-v2.22/kernel-2.6.25-2.6.28-layer7-2.22.patch

2.编译新内核

2.1修改内核配置项
   make oldconfig 全部保持默认
   make menuconfig
   General setup  --->
      Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers  必选
   Networking  --->
       Networking options  --->
            Network packet filtering framework (Netfilter)  --->
                 Core Netfilter Configuration  --->   该项下的所有项目建议都选上
                      Netfilter connection tracking support  这个项目必需选上，下面才会出现layer7的选项
                               "layer7" match support         必选                              
                                  Layer 7 debugging output   必选  
        IP: Netfilter Configuration  --->    该项下的所有项目必需都选上

2.2编译并安装新内核
   make
   make modules_install
   make install

2.3 设置新内核为默认启动的内核，如果是远程连接服务器，必须要修改这项，否则重启后默认加载旧的kernel
   vim /boot/gurb/gurb.conf

default=1     把1改为0
timeout=15    设置等候时间
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (2.6.28）
        root (hd0,0)
        kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.28 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
        initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.28.img
title CentOS (2.6.18-164.el5)
        root (hd0,0)
        kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-164.el5 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
        initrd /boot/initrd-2.6.18-164.el5.img
保存退出
reboot

3.编译安装iptables并支持layer7
  cp /usr/src/netfilter-layer7-v2.22/iptables-1.4.3forward-for-kernel-2.6.20forward/*.* extensions/
  ./configure --with-ksource=/usr/src/linux-2.6.28
  make
  make install
4.安装l7协议
cd /usr/src/iptables-1.4.3.2/l7-protocols-2009-05-28
make install

5.测试
  iptables -V
  回显：
  iptables v1.4.3.2

  iptables -m layer7 --help
  回显：
  Usage: iptables -[AD] chain rule-specification [options]
       iptables -I chain [rulenum] rule-specification [options]
       iptables -R chain rulenum rule-specification [options]
       iptables -D chain rulenum [options]
       iptables -[LS] [chain [rulenum]] [options]
       iptables -[FZ] [chain] [options]
       iptables -[NX] chain
       iptables -E old-chain-name new-chain-name
       iptables -P chain target [options]
       iptables -h (print this help information)

Commands:
Either long or short options are allowed.
  --append  -A chain            Append to chain
  --delete  -D chain            Delete matching rule from chain
  --delete  -D chain rulenum
                                Delete rule rulenum (1 = first) from chain
  --insert  -I chain [rulenum]
                                Insert in chain as rulenum (default 1=first)
  --replace -R chain rulenum
                                Replace rule rulenum (1 = first) in chain
  --list    -L [chain [rulenum]]
                                List the rules in a chain or all chains
  --list-rules -S [chain [rulenum]]
                                Print the rules in a chain or all chains
  --flush   -F [chain]          Delete all rules in  chain or all chains
  --zero    -Z [chain]          Zero counters in chain or all chains
  --new     -N chain            Create a new user-defined chain
  --delete-chain
            -X [chain]          Delete a user-defined chain
  --policy  -P chain target
                                Change policy on chain to target
  --rename-chain
            -E old-chain new-chain
                                Change chain name, (moving any references)
Options:
[!] --proto     -p proto        protocol: by number or name, eg. `tcp'
[!] --source    -s address[/mask]
                                source specification
[!] --destination -d address[/mask]
                                destination specification
[!] --in-interface -i input name[+]
                                network interface name ([+] for wildcard)
--jump -j target
                                target for rule (may load target extension)
  --goto      -g chain
                              jump to chain with no return
  --match       -m match
                                extended match (may load extension)
  --numeric     -n              numeric output of addresses and ports
[!] --out-interface -o output name[+]
                                network interface name ([+] for wildcard)
  --table       -t table        table to manipulate (default: `filter')
  --verbose     -v              verbose mode
  --line-numbers                print line numbers when listing
  --exact       -x              expand numbers (display exact values)
[!] --fragment  -f              match second or further fragments only
  --modprobe=          try to insert modules using this command
  --set-counters PKTS BYTES     set the counter during insert/append
[!] --version   -V              print package version.

layer7 match options:
    --l7dir : Look for patterns here instead of /etc/l7-protocols/
                          (--l7dir must be specified before --l7proto if used)
[!] --l7proto : Match named protocol using /etc/l7-protocols/.../name.pat

至此安装过程完全完成

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