PDB的管理

1.1 PDB的管理

1.1.1 PDB日常管理

登录一个PDB。登录哪个PDB，就是要对哪个PDB进行管理。

[oracle@rac1 db_home]$ sqlplus /nolog

 

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun Aug 4 12:42:34 2013

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> connect sys@pdb1 as sysdba

Enter password:

Connected.

SQL>

 

 

关闭PDB,实际上是切换到mounted状态（并不是关闭CDB实例）

SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;

Pluggable Database closed.

SQL>

 

启动PDB

SQL> STARTUP OPEN;

Pluggable Database opened.

 

把PDB切换到mounted状态。

mounted状态下，PDB相关的信息已经被从内存中删除，这时候的PDB的状态和普通数据库的状态类似，允许进行数据库维护。

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

Pluggable database altered.

 

切换PDB到只读

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL>

 

切换PDB到读写状态

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN FORCE;

Pluggable database altered.

 

在PDB中创建表空间

create tablespace tbs_pdb1

datafile '/taryartar/12c/db_base/oradata/TCDB/pdb1_datafile.ora' size 5m,'/taryartar/12c/db_base/oradata/TCDB/pdb2_datafile.ora' size 5m;

 

改变PDB的默认表空间

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TABLESPACE tbs_pdb1;

Pluggable database altered.

 

创建表

SQL> create table tb_tar2(a varchar(20),b varchar(20));

Table created.

SQL>

 

创建临时表空间

create temporary tablespace temp_pdb1

TEMPFILE '/taryartar/12c/db_base/oradata/TCDB/pdb1_temp1.ora' size 50m,'/taryartar/12c/db_base/oradata/TCDB/pdb1_temp2.ora' size 50m;

 

改变PDB的默认临时表空间

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_pdb1;

 

改变PDB1的所有表空间的空间限制

ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE STORAGE(MAXSIZE 4G);

 

列出可以被PDB改变的参数

SELECT NAME FROM V$SYSTEM_PARAMETER WHERE ISPDB_MODIFIABLE='TRUE' ORDER BY NAME;

 

1.1.2 创建PDB

       前面已经有文章介绍，如果通过DBCA创建PDB，接下来，我们将介绍通过脚本创建PDB。有很多种方法创建PDB。方法图解如下：

    创建新的PDB的方法有好多种，我们这里只列举出其中的两种方法：

 

n 根据种子(seed)创建PDB。

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb66 ADMIN USER adm IDENTIFIED BY Xzzp2008 ROLES=(DBA);

 

Pluggable database created.

 

SQL> SELECT NAME, CON_ID, DBID, CON_UID, GUID FROM V$CONTAINERS ORDER BY CON_ID;

 

NAME         CON_ID       DBID    CON_UID GUID

-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------

CDB$ROOT          1 2019279893          1 DD7C48AA5A4504A2E04325AAE80A403C

PDB$SEED          2 4065152146 4065152146 E3248235F4082FA2E0433300A8C0A61B

PDB3              3 3938652388 3938652388 E324F5B46388341EE0433300A8C09AC8

PDB4              4 3833224900 3833224900 E32580EB506A38C6E0433300A8C02AC2

PDB66             5 3270209553 3270209553 E357324FEC4921FDE0433300A8C0B6DD

 

adm是PDB管理员

Xzzp2008是管理员的密码

 

PDB66处于MOUNTED状态

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs;

 

NAME     OPEN_MODE

-------- ----------

PDB$SEED READ ONLY

PDB3     MOUNTED

PDB4     MOUNTED

PDB66    MOUNTED

 

打开PDB66

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB66 open;

 

n 根据现有PDB创建新的PDB。

 

关闭源PDB

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB3 close immediate;

Pluggable database altered.

 

把源PDB切换到只读模式

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB3 OPEN READ ONLY;

 

Pluggable database altered.

根据源PDB3克隆出新的PDB（PDB33）

 

SQL> CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB33 FROM PDB3;

Pluggable database created.

 

新的PDB处于MOUNTED状态

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs;

 

NAME     OPEN_MODE

-------- ----------

PDB$SEED READ ONLY

PDB3     READ ONLY

PDB4     READ WRITE

PDB66    READ WRITE

PDB33    MOUNTED

 

SQL>

 

打开PDB

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB33 open;

 

Pluggable database altered.

 

SQL>

 

 

1.1.3 删除PDB（包括拔出）

用sysdba进行登录

[oracle@rac1 db_home]$ export ORACLE_SID=tcdb2

[oracle@rac1 db_home]$ sqlplus

 

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Tue Aug 6 20:59:41 2013

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Enter user-name: sys as sysdba

Enter password:

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

 

查看各种ID

SQL> COLUMN NAME FORMAT A8

SQL> SELECT NAME, CON_ID, DBID, CON_UID, GUID FROM V$CONTAINERS ORDER BY CON_ID;

NAME         CON_ID       DBID    CON_UID GUID

-------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------------------------------

CDB$ROOT          1  883454903          1 DD7C48AA5A4504A2E04325AAE80A403C

PDB$SEED   2        4065159988       4065159988       E31EE23FE4340E49E0433300A8C01AD7

PDB1        3        3330272355       3330272355       E31F5B4DC25B11FEE0433300A8C07605

PDB2_V2        4  3888812375 3888812375   E31F8C34A7E31371E0433300A8C000F9

 

查看PDB的状态

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE

------------------------------ ----------

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY

PDB1                           READ WRITE

PDB2_V2                           READ WRITE

 

关闭PDB2_V2

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB2_V2 close immediate;

Pluggable database altered.

 

查看PDB2_V2的状态，MOUNTED说明PDB已经关闭

SQL> select name,open_mode from v$pdbs;

NAME                           OPEN_MODE

------------------------------ ----------

PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY

PDB1                           READ WRITE

PDB2_V2                           MOUNTED

 

拔出PDB2_V2

SQL> alter pluggable database PDB2_V2 unplug into '/test_data/PDB2_V2.xml';

Pluggable database altered.

SQL>

从CDB中拔出PDB，只是断开了他们之间的联系，并没有删除数据库。被拔出的数据库将不能被访问。

 

删除PDB2_V2，连数据文件也一起删除

SQL> drop pluggable database PDB2_V2 INCLUDING DATAFILES;