在英语中,表示“偏爱”、“优先”、“更喜欢”、“更可取”或“宁愿”等意思时,可用prefer,would rather和rather than来表达。
—)rather than
rather than必须连接两个平行结构,即并联两个词(如名词、代词),两个动词不定式或并联两个短语或分句。例如:
John ought to go rather than Mary.约翰比玛丽更应该去。
当rather than并联两个动词不定式时,后一个动词不定式一般省略to(在比较正式的文体中也可以保留to)。例如:
In China,it is important to invest in education rather than(to)increase personal wages.在中国,优先投资教育比增加个人工资重要。
二)prefer
prefer之后用动名词结构表示一般性偏爱,强调一种事实或一件事。例如:
l like swimming,but I prefer sailing.我喜欢游泳,但更喜欢航行。
当prefer之后带两个动词不定式表示“偏爱…胜过…”时,用rather than连接。Rather than之后可以有两种结构:省略to的动词不定式和动词的一ing形式。例如:
1 would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive out.我宁愿在家度周末,而不愿意开车出门。
当prefer之后带两个名词或动名词结构表示“偏爱…胜过…”时,常用介词to连接两个部分,也可以用rather than连接。例如:
I prefer watching TV to reading books.我宁可看电视,也不愿意看书。
prefer之后可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语。例如:
I don't prefer people to smoke here.我不喜欢有人在这儿抽烟。
prefer之后带从句时,其用法与would rather带从句的用法相同。例如:
I'd prefer that you did not go there alone.我希望你不要一个人到那里去。
三)would rather
would rather是固定习惯用语,可用于任何人称,其简略形式是 ’d rather。would rather之后直接带省略to的动词不定式。例如:
Would you rather stay at home or go out with me?你愿意呆在家里,还是愿意跟我出门?
would rather还可以与than连用,构成“would rather+省略to的不定式+than+省略to的不定式”结构。例如:
Tom would rather read than talk.=Tom prefers reading to talking.汤姆喜爱读书胜过与人交谈。
would rather之后带从句时,从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气,即用过去式表示现在或将来的意义,用过去完成式表示过去的意义。例如:
I'd rather she had repaired her car last night.=I wish she had repaired her car last night.但愿她昨晚就把车修好了。
一般来说。would rather之后跟动词原形表达的意思是“偏爱,宁愿”,但如果其后跟动词hope,think,like,enjoy和have等时,would rather则含有“很,非常”的意思。请比较:
I'd rather enjoy reading.我很喜欢读书。
I’m not sure,but I'd rather think SO.我没有十分把握,但认为很可能如此
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