分类： C/C++
2008-06-27 17:02:44
ID3文件格式
前言
2001年11月的一天，我决定整理一下我的硬盘中乱七八糟的MP3，但使用Winamp+Expleror效率太慢，到网上找了一下只有一个叫MP3/Tag Studio v2.6的工具还不错，可惜是阴文的不说，还只能用30天，而且要插广告。我呸，这么麻烦。一气之下，决定自己写一个从此在网上查阅资料，写下了这辈子的第一个自由软件和这篇文章。
ID3v1
ID3V1比较简单，它是存放在MP3文件的末尾，用16进制的编辑器打开一个MP3文件，查看其末尾的128个顺序存放字节，数据结构定义如下：
char Header[3]; /*标签头必须是"TAG"否则认为没有标签*/
char Title[30]; /*标题*/
char Artist[30]; /*作者*/
char Album[30]; /*专集*/
char Year[4]; /*出品年代*/
char Comment[30]; /*备注*/
char Genre; /*类型*/
ID3V1的各项信息都是顺序存放，没有任何标识将其分开，比如标题信息不足30个字节，则使用'\0'补足，否则将造成信息错误。Genre使用原码表示，对照表如下：
/* Standard genres */
0="Blues";
1="ClassicRock";
2="Country";
3="Dance";
4="Disco";
5="Funk";
6="Grunge";
7="Hip-Hop";
8="Jazz";
9="Metal";
10="NewAge";
11="Oldies";
12="Other";
13="Pop";
14="R&B";
15="Rap";
16="Reggae";
17="Rock";
18="Techno";
19="Industrial";
20="Alternative";
21="Ska";
22="DeathMetal";
23="Pranks";
24="Soundtrack";
25="Euro-Techno";
26="Ambient";
27="Trip-Hop";
28="Vocal";
29="Jazz+Funk";
30="Fusion";
31="Trance";
32="Classical";
33="Instrumental";
34="Acid";
35="House";
36="Game";
37="SoundClip";
38="Gospel";
39="Noise";
40="AlternRock";
41="Bass";
42="Soul";
43="Punk";
44="Space";
45="Meditative";
46="InstrumentalPop";
47="InstrumentalRock";
48="Ethnic";
49="Gothic";
50="Darkwave";
51="Techno-Industrial";
52="Electronic";
53="Pop-Folk";
54="Eurodance";
55="Dream";
56="SouthernRock";
57="Comedy";
58="Cult";
59="Gangsta";
60="Top40";
61="ChristianRap";
62="Pop/Funk";
63="Jungle";
64="NativeAmerican";
65="Cabaret";
66="NewWave";
67="Psychadelic";
68="Rave";
69="Showtunes";
70="Trailer";
71="Lo-Fi";
72="Tribal";
73="AcidPunk";
74="AcidJazz";
75="Polka";
76="Retro";
77="Musical";
78="Rock&Roll";
79="HardRock";
/* Extended genres */
80="Folk";
81="Folk-Rock";
82="NationalFolk";
83="Swing";
84="FastFusion";
85="Bebob";
86="Latin";
87="Revival";
88="Celtic";
89="Bluegrass";
90="Avantgarde";
91="GothicRock";
92="ProgessiveRock";
93="PsychedelicRock";
94="SymphonicRock";
95="SlowRock";
96="BigBand";
97="Chorus";
98="EasyListening";
99="Acoustic";
100="Humour";
101="Speech";
102="Chanson";
103="Opera";
104="ChamberMusic";
105="Sonata";
106="Symphony";
107="BootyBass";
108="Primus";
109="PornGroove";
110="Satire";
111="SlowJam";
112="Club";
113="Tango";
114="Samba";
115="Folklore";
116="Ballad";
117="PowerBallad";
118="RhythmicSoul";
119="Freestyle";
120="Duet";
121="PunkRock";
122="DrumSolo";
123="Acapella";
124="Euro-House";
125="DanceHall";
126="Goa";
127="Drum&Bass";
128="Club-House";
129="Hardcore";
130="Terror";
131="Indie";
132="BritPop";
133="Negerpunk";
134="PolskPunk";
135="Beat";
136="ChristianGangstaRap";
137="HeavyMetal";
138="BlackMetal";
139="Crossover";
140="ContemporaryChristian";
141="ChristianRock";
142="Merengue";
143="Salsa";
144="TrashMetal";
145="Anime";
146="JPop";
147="Synthpop";
ID3V2
ID3V2到现在一共有4个版本，但流行的播放软件一般只支持第3版，既ID3v2.3。由于ID3V1记录在MP3文件的末尾，ID3V2就只好记录在MP3文件的首部了(如果有一天发布ID3V3，真不知道该记录在哪里)。也正是由于这个原因，对ID3V2的操作比ID3V1要慢。而且ID3V2结构比ID3V1的结构要复杂得多，但比前者全面且可以伸缩和扩展。
下面就介绍一下ID3V2.3。
每个ID3V2.3的标签都一个标签头和若干个标签帧或一个扩展标签头组成。关于曲目的信息如标题、作者等都存放在不同的标签帧中，扩展标签头和标签帧并不是必要的，但每个标签至少要有一个标签帧。标签头和标签帧一起顺序存放在MP3文件的首部。
一、标签头
在文件的首部顺序记录10个字节的ID3V2.3的头部。数据结构如下：
char Header[3]; /*必须为"ID3"否则认为标签不存在*/
char Ver; /*版本号ID3V2.3就记录3*/
char Revision; /*副版本号此版本记录为0*/
char Flag; /*存放标志的字节，这个版本只定义了三位，稍后详细解说*/
char Size[4]; /*标签大小，包括标签头的10个字节和所有的标签帧的大小*/
1.标志字节
标志字节一般为0，定义如下：
abc00000
a -- 表示是否使用Unsynchronisation(这个单词不知道是什么意思，字典里也没有找到，一般不设置)
b -- 表示是否有扩展头部，一般没有(至少Winamp没有记录)，所以一般也不设置
c -- 表示是否为测试标签(99.99%的标签都不是测试用的啦，所以一般也不设置)
2.标签大小
一共四个字节，但每个字节只用7位，最高位不使用恒为0。所以格式如下
0xxxxxxx 0xxxxxxx 0xxxxxxx 0xxxxxxx
计算大小时要将0去掉，得到一个28位的二进制数，就是标签大小(不懂为什么要这样做)，计算公式如下：
int total_size;
total_size = (Size[0]&0x7F)*0x200000
+(Size[1]&0x7F)*0x400
+(Size[2]&0x7F)*0x80
+(Size[3]&0x7F)
二、标签帧
每个标签帧都有一个10个字节的帧头和至少一个字节的不固定长度的内容组成。它们也是顺序存放在文件中，和标签头和其他的标签帧也没有特殊的字符分隔。得到一个完整的帧的内容只有从帧头中的到内容大小后才能读出，读取时要注意大小，不要将其他帧的内容或帧头读入。
帧头的定义如下：
char FrameID[4]; /*用四个字符标识一个帧，说明其内容，稍后有常用的标识对照表*/
char Size[4]; /*帧内容的大小，不包括帧头，不得小于1*/
char Flags[2]; /*存放标志，只定义了6位，稍后详细解说*/
1.帧标识
用四个字符标识一个帧，说明一个帧的内容含义，常用的对照如下：
TIT2=标题 表示内容为这首歌的标题，下同
TPE1=作者
TALB=专集
TRCK=音轨 格式：N/M 其中N为专集中的第N首，M为专集中共M首，N和M为ASCII码表示的数字
TYER=年代 是用ASCII码表示的数字
TCON=类型 直接用字符串表示
COMM=备注 格式："eng\0备注内容"，其中eng表示备注所使用的自然语言
2.大小
这个可没有标签头的算法那么麻烦，每个字节的8位全用，格式如下
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx
算法如下：
int FSize;
FSize = Size[0]*0x100000000
+Size[1]*0x10000
+Size[2]*0x100
+Size[3];
3.标志
只定义了6位，另外的10位为0，但大部分的情况下16位都为0就可以了。格式如下：
abc00000 ijk00000
a -- 标签保护标志，设置时认为此帧作废
b -- 文件保护标志，设置时认为此帧作废
c -- 只读标志，设置时认为此帧不能修改(但我没有找到一个软件理会这个标志)
i -- 压缩标志，设置时一个字节存放两个BCD码表示数字
j -- 加密标志(没有见过哪个MP3文件的标签用了加密)
k -- 组标志，设置时说明此帧和其他的某帧是一组
值得一提的是winamp在保存和读取帧内容的时候会在内容前面加个'\0'，并把这个字节计算在帧内容的大小中。
详细的情况可以到查询，对于ID3V1和ID3V2的读写，我用DELPHI写了两个类来实现，可以写信给我索取
附：帧标识的含义
4. Declared ID3v2 frames
The following frames are declared in this draft.
AENC Audio encryption
APIC Attached picture
COMM Comments
COMR Commercial frame
ENCR Encryption method registration
EQUA Equalization
ETCO Event timing codes
GEOB General encapsulated object
GRID Group identification registration
IPLS Involved people list
LINK Linked information
MCDI Music CD identifier
MLLT MPEG location lookup table
OWNE Ownership frame
PRIV Private frame
PCNT Play counter
POPM Popularimeter
POSS Position synchronisation frame
RBUF Recommended buffer size
RVAD Relative volume adjustment
RVRB Reverb
SYLT Synchronized lyric/text
SYTC Synchronized tempo codes
TALB Album/Movie/Show title
TBPM BPM (beats per minute)
TCOM Composer
TCON Content type
TCOP Copyright message
TDAT Date
TDLY Playlist delay
TENC Encoded by
TEXT Lyricist/Text writer
TFLT File type
TIME Time
TIT1 Content group description
TIT2 Title/songname/content description
TIT3 Subtitle/Description refinement
TKEY Initial key
TLAN Language(s)
TLEN Length
TMED Media type
TOAL Original album/movie/show title
TOFN Original filename
TOLY Original lyricist(s)/text writer(s)
TOPE Original artist(s)/performer(s)
TORY Original release year
TOWN File owner/licensee
TPE1 Lead performer(s)/Soloist(s)
TPE2 Band/orchestra/accompaniment
TPE3 Conductor/performer refinement
TPE4 Interpreted, remixed, or otherwise modified by
TPOS Part of a set
TPUB Publisher
TRCK Track number/Position in set
TRDA Recording dates
TRSN Internet radio station name
TRSO Internet radio station owner
TSIZ Size
TSRC ISRC (international standard recording code)
TSSE Software/Hardware and settings used for encoding
TYER Year
TXXX User defined text information frame
UFID Unique file identifier
USER Terms of use
USLT Unsychronized lyric/text transcription
WCOM Commercial information
WCOP Copyright/Legal information
WOAF Official audio file webpage
WOAR Official artist/performer webpage
WOAS Official audio source webpage
WORS Official internet radio station homepage
WPAY Payment
WPUB Publishers official webpage
WXXX User defined URL link frame
读取mp3文件的ID3 tag:
#include
#include
#include
#include
char g[148][40]={"Blues","ClassicRock","Country","Dance","Disco","Funk","Grunge","Hip-Hop","Jazz","Metal",
"NewAge","Oldies","Other","Pop","R&B","Rap","Reggae","Rock","Techno","Industrial",
"Alternative","Ska","DeathMetal","Pranks","Soundtrack","Euro-Techno","Ambient","Trip-Hop",
"Vocal","Jazz+Funk","Fusion","Trance","Classical","Instrumental","Acid","House","Game","SoundClip",
"Gospel","Noise","AlternRock","Bass","Soul","Punk","Space","Meditative","InstrumentalPop",
"InstrumentalRock","Ethnic","Gothic","Darkwave","Techno-Industrial","Electronic","Pop-Folk",
"Eurodance","Dream","SouthernRock","Comedy","Cult","Gangsta","Top40","ChristianRap",
"Pop/Funk","Jungle","NativeAmerican","Cabaret","NewWave","Psychadelic","Rave","Showtunes",
"Trailer","Lo-Fi","Tribal","AcidPunk","AcidJazz","Polka","Retro","Musical","Rock&Roll",
"HardRock","Folk","Folk-Rock","NationalFolk","Swing","FastFusion","Bebob","Latin","Revival",
"Bluegrass","Avantgarde","GothicRock","ProgessiveRock","PsychedelicRock","SymphonicRock",
"SlowRock","BigBand","Chorus","EasyListening","Acoustic","Humour","Speech","Chanson","Opera",
"ChamberMusic","Sonata","Symphony","BootyBass","Primus","PornGroove","Satire","SlowJam","Club",
"Tango","Samba","Folklore","Ballad","PowerBallad","RhythmicSoul","Freestyle","Duet","PunkRock",
"DrumSolo","Acapella","Euro-House","DanceHall","Goa","Drum&Bass","Club-House","Hardcore",
"Terror","Indie","BritPop","Negerpunk","PolskPunk","Beat","ChristianGangstaRap","HeavyMetal",
"BlackMetal","Crossover","ContemporaryChristian","ChristianRock","Merengue","Salsa","TrashMetal",
"Anime","JPop","Synthpop"};
void readID1(char *s)
{
FILE *fp;
char st[4],tit[40],artist[40],abm[40],yr[5],cmt[40],gnr;
fp=fopen(s,"r");
if(fp==NULL)
{
printf("%s open failed. ",s);
return;
}
fseek(fp,-128*sizeof(char),SEEK_END);// ID3 v1 位于文件末尾的128字节
fread(st,sizeof(char),3,fp);
if(!(st[0]=='T'&&st[1]=='A'&&st[2]=='G')) printf("%s contains no ID3 v1 tag. ",s);
else
{
printf("ID3 v1 tag of %s: ",s);
fread(tit,sizeof(char),30,fp); //Title
fread(artist,sizeof(char),30,fp); //Artist
fread(abm,sizeof(char),30,fp); //Album
fread(yr,sizeof(char),4,fp); //Year
fread(cmt,sizeof(char),30,fp); //Comment
fread(&gnr,sizeof(char),1,fp); //Genre
tit[30]=artist[30]=abm[30]=yr[4]=cmt[30]=0;
unsigned char uc=(unsigned char)(gnr);
printf("Title : %s ",tit);
printf("Artist : %s ",artist);
printf("Album : %s ",abm);
printf("Year : %s ",yr);
printf("Comment: %s ",cmt);
if(uc < 148) printf("Genre : %s ",g[uc]);
else printf("Genre : Invalid. ");
}
fclose(fp);
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
int i;
if(argc==1)
{
printf("No input file. ");
exit(1);
}
for(i=1;i
}
