THE DEB AND DEB-SRC TYPES
The deb type describes a typical two-level Debian archive,
distribution/component. Typically, distribution is generally one of
stable unstable or testing while component is one of main contrib
non-free or non-us The deb-src type describes a debian distribution's
source code in the same form as the deb type. A deb-src line is
required to fetch source indexes.
The format for a sources.list entry using the deb and deb-src types
are:
deb uri distribution [component1] [component2] [...]
The URI for the deb type must specify the base of the Debian
distribution, from which APT will find the information it needs.
distribution can specify an exact path, in which case the components
must be omitted and distribution must end with a slash (/). This is
useful for when only a particular sub-section of the archive denoted by
the URI is of interest. If distribution does not specify an exact path,
at least one component must be present.
distribution may also contain a variable, $(ARCH) which expands to the
Debian architecture (i386, m68k, powerpc, ...) used on the system. This
permits architecture-independent sources.list files to be used. In
general this is only of interest when specifying an exact path, APT
will automatically generate a URI with the current architecture
otherwise.
Since only one distribution can be specified per line it may be
necessary to have multiple lines for the same URI, if a subset of all
available distributions or components at that location is desired. APT
will sort the URI list after it has generated a complete set
internally, and will collapse multiple references to the same Internet
host, for instance, into a single connection, so that it does not
inefficiently establish an FTP connection, close it, do something else,
and then re-establish a connection to that same host. This feature is
useful for accessing busy FTP sites with limits on the number of
simultaneous anonymous users. APT also parallelizes connections to
different hosts to more effectively deal with sites with low bandwidth.
It is important to list sources in order of preference, with the most
preferred source listed first. Typically this will result in sorting by
speed from fastest to slowest (CD-ROM followed by hosts on a local
network, followed by distant Internet hosts, for example).
Some examples:
deb stable main contrib non-free
deb dists/stable-updates/
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