1. 安装.
(1)需要的RPM
RHEL 3.0/4.0的安装CD带有MRTG的RPM安装包. 为了使用MRTG的一些脚本,需要安装其他的一些安装包.
Sysstat.rpm 系统状况监视安装包.(cpu.sh)
Procps.rpm 内存,Swap 使用情况工具等(cpu.sh,mem.sh,swap.sh)
Coreutils.rpm (df.pl,disk.sh)
gd-1.8.4-4
gd-devel-1.8.4-4
perl-5.6.0-17
perl-CGI
mod_perl-1.24_01-3
libpng-1.0.12-2
libpng-devel-1.0.12-2
gcc-2.96-98
gcc-g77-2.96-98
gcc-c++-2.96-98
zlib-1.1.3-24
zlib-devel-1.1.3-24
2. 配置SNMP 让他可以配合MRTG工作
编辑/etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
把下面的#号去掉
#view mib2 included .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.
3. 配置MRTG
(1) mkdir /var/www/html/mrtg
(2) mkdir /opt/mrtg
(3) 从下面的贴子复制以下几个script 到/opt/mrtg
Cpu.sh , mem.sh , swap.sh, diskperf.sh, disk.pl
(4) cp /var/www/mrtg/* /var/www/html/mrtg
(5) /usr/bin/cfgmaker –output=/var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg public@10.102.17.100 用来配置一个mrtg配置文件.
(6) 编辑MRTG的配置文件 vi /var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
(1)把WorkDir: /var/www/html/mrtg 加入到配置文件的前面.
(2)把Options[_]: growright, bits 前面的#删掉.
(3)把要监测的几个ITEM加入到配置文件里面去.
1) CPU
################CPU######################
Target[cpu]: `/opt/mrtg/cpu.sh`
MaxBytes[cpu]: 12500000
Title[cpu]: CPU -- XMNLINUXTEST02
Options[cpu]: gauge,nopercent,growright
YLegend[cpu]: CPU loading (%)
ShortLegend[cpu]:%
LegendO[cpu]: & CPU USER;
LegendI[cpu]: & CPU SYSTEM;
PageTop[cpu]:
;CPU -- XMNLINUXTEST02
;
2)NIC 用配置文件自动配好的.
3)MEM 这个图最大设为2G,如果服务器有更大的内存,可以修改Maxbytes.
############### MEM 2G #################
Target[managemem]:`/opt/mrtg/mem.sh`
Unscaled[managemem]: dwym
MaxBytes[managemem]: 2048000
Title[managemem]:Memory
ShortLegend[managemem]: &
kmg[managemem]:kB,MB
kilo[managemem]:1024
YLegend[managemem]: Memory Usage
Legend1[managemem]: Total Memory
Legend2[managemem]: Used Memory
LegendI[managemem]: Total Memory
LegendO[managemem]: Used Memory
Options[managemem]: growright,gauge,nopercent
PageTop[managemem]:;Memory -------XMNLINUXTEST2
;
4)Swap 也是设为2G,根据实际情况改MaxBytes.
################### Swap 2G#######################
Target[swap]:`/opt/mrtg/swap.sh`
Unscaled[swap]: dwym
MaxBytes[swap]: 2048000
Title[swap]:Memory State of Server
ShortLegend[swap]: &
kmg[swap]:kB,MB
kilo[swap]:1024
YLegend[swap]: Swap Usage
Legend1[swap]: Total Swap
Legend2[swap]: Used Swap
LegendI[swap]: Total Swap
LegendO[swap]: Used Swap
Options[swap]: growright,gauge,nopercent
PageTop[swap]:;Swap-------XMNLINUXTEST02
;
5)设置磁盘使用量 最大为480G,可以根据实际情况修改MaxBytes
################## Disk Space 480G #########################
Target[disk]: `/opt/mrtg/df.pl`
Title[disk]: Disk Space ----XMNLINUXTEST02
Unscaled[disk]: dwym
MaxBytes[disk]: 465247550
kmg[disk]: KB,MB,GB
LegendI[disk]: Total Disk Space
LegendO[disk]: Used Disk Space
Legend1[disk]: Total Disk Space
Legend2[disk]: Used Disk Space
YLegend[disk]: Megabytes
ShortLegend[disk]: &
Options[disk]: growright,gauge,nopercent
PageTop[disk]: ;Disk Space --------XMNLINUXTEST02
;
mib-2 fc #在89行
6)磁盘I/O的检测,如果需要的检,更多的分区,修改并复制这个部分,并修改diskperf.sh
################## Disk I/O 100K/sec /DEV/SDA ##########
# If you want monitor more disk, please copy below create
# now monitor job, and copy & modify the diskperf.sh to setting disk.
Target[diskIO]: `/opt/mrtg/diskperf.sh`
Title[diskIO]: Disk HDA I/O Utilization Report
Unscaled[diskIO]: dwym
MaxBytes[diskIO]: 100
PageTop[diskIO]:
;Disk I/O Utilization Report
;
kmg[diskIO]: KB,MB,GB
LegendI[diskIO]: Disk I/O KBread/sec
LegendO[diskIO]: Disk I/O KBwrite/sec
Legend1[diskIO]: Disk I/O KBread/sec
Legend2[diskIO]: Disk I/O KBwrite/sec
YLegend[diskIO]: Megabytes
ShortLegend[diskIO]: &
Options[diskIO]: growright,gauge,nopercent
4. 编译配置文件
先在/etc/profile 加入两个参数
LC_ALL=C
LANGUAGE=on
# env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
前面两次会出错,多运行几次就没有问题.
5. 生成html文件.
/usr/bin/indexmaker –output=/var/www/html/mrtg/index.html –title=主机名 /var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
6. 配置apache 的设置.
#vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/mrtg.cfg
把Alias /mrtg /var/www/mrtg 改为Alias /mrtg /var/www/html/mrtg
把Allow from localhost 改为Allow from all
#service httpd restart ,重启apache.
7. 配置,自运行脚本,每五分钟自动运行一次.
在root 下启动 crontab –e 添加计划
*/5 * * * * env LANG=C /usr/bin/mrtg /var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
8. 确认service http&crontab的运进级别.
可以用下面两个命令查看这个服务的进行状况,
#chkconfig –list |grep httpd
#chkconfig –list |grep crontab
或用设定运行级别
chkconfig --level 35 httpd on
chkconfig --level 35 crontab on
5. 常见问题
(1)问:实际内存或硬盘跟的图里面的值相差太多,要吗线超出图表,要吗,在图表的下面. 如何更改图表的比例? 如内存实际上只有512M,但表里面内存显示最大为2G.
答:修改/var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg 找到相关的部分, 修改MaxBytes[managemem]: 2048000 中的2048000为512000
(2)问:我有几个硬盘,如果要监测其他的硬盘IO?
答:首先复制一份diskperf.sh 成diskperf2.sh ,再修改diskperf2.sh里面把hd=xxx改为你要监测的硬盘,再修改/var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg 复制sda的那一部门,并修改相关的部分.
如Target[diskIO]:`/opt/mrtg/diskperf.sh` 改成Target[diskIO]: `/opt/mrtg/diskperf2.sh`
这一部份的[diskIO]改为disk2IO
(3)问:修改了配置文件/var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg 后,网页没有生效
答:修改完配置文件应该要重新用下面命令生成新的网页.
/usr/bin/indexmaker –output=/var/www/html/mrtg/index.html –title=主机名 /var/www/html/mrtg/mrtg.cfg
(4)问:如何看我的MRTG图.
答:用http://你的IP/mrtg/ 就可以看到了.
附:1: mrtg.cfg 里面几个参数的意思.
Target:是要执行的脚本
Xsize:生成图表的横向宽度(最大600)
Ysize:生成图表的纵向高度(最大200)
Title:标题
kMG: Change the default multiplier prefixes
Ytics:纵向划分为几个块(格子)
MaxBytes:图表纵向数值的最大上限
PageTop:页面上面的提示
kilo:一般是写1024,如果需要的话,是1000在计算机里的单位
LegendI:从SHELL返回的数据中的第一个
LegendO:从SHELL返回的数据中的第二个
Options: growright,表示图表向右延展
附2:各个script
(1)
cat /opt/mrtg/cpu.sh
#!/bin/bash
cpuusr=`/usr/bin/sar -u 1 3 |grep Average |awk '{print $3}'`
cpusys=`/usr/bin/sar -u 1 3 |grep Average |awk '{print $5}'`
UPtime=`/usr/bin/uptime |awk '{print $3""$4""$5}'`
echo $cpuusr
echo $cpusys
echo $UPtime
hostname
(2)
Disk usage
cat /opt/mrtg/df.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl
# output(df -kl) looks like this:
# Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
# /dev/md0 95645100 30401312 64272080 33% /
# /dev/hde1 14119 1159 12231 9% /boot
#
# In which case, this script returns :
# 95659219
# 30402503
# when run.
foreach $filesystem (`df -kl | grep -v "Filesystem"`)
{
@df = split(/\s+/,$filesystem);
$total += $df[1];
$usage += $df[2];
}
print "$total\n";
print "$usage\n";
hostname
(3) DISK IO # cat /opt/mrtg/diskperf.sh
#!/bin/bash
# This script will monitor the KBread/sec &KBwriten/sec of Disk.
# Creater: CCC IT loren ext:2288 2005/8/3
# As sda ,sdb,sdc,sdd,hda.
# disk=sda
hd=sda
disk=/dev/$hd
KBread_sec=`iostat -x $disk|grep $hd |awk '{print $8}'`
KBwrite_sec=`iostat -x $disk|grep $hd |awk '{print $9}'`
echo "$KBread_sec"
echo "$KBwrite_sec"
hostname
(4)MEMORY
cat /opt/mrtg/mem.sh
#!/bin/bash
# This script to monitor the mem usage.
totalmem=`/usr/bin/free |grep Mem |awk '{print $2}'`
usedmem=`/usr/bin/free |grep Mem |awk '{print $3}'`
echo "$totalmem"
echo "$usedmem"
(5)SWAP
cat /opt/mrtg/swap.sh
#!/bin/bash
# This script to monitor the swap usage.
totalswap=`/usr/bin/free |grep Swap |awk '{print $2}'`
usedswap=`/usr/bin/free |grep Swap |awk '{print $3}'`
echo "$totalswap"
echo "$usedswap"
把下面的语句#在62行
access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact systemview none none
改为:
access notConfigGroup "" any noauth exact mib2 none none
改完重启一下snmp
Service snmpd restat
httpd(apache)
net-snmp
mrtg
检查装有没有上面rpm包.
(2)安装MRTG
Rpm –ivh mrtg -2.9.29-4.ent.i386.rpm