八、 配置Struts2
Struts的配置文件都会在web.xml中注册的。
a) Struts的配置文件如下:
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"">
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<struts>
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<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false" />
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="GBK" />
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struts>
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Src/struts.xml
b) struts_book.xml配置文件如下:
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"">
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<struts>
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<package name="products" extends="struts-default">
<action name="list" class="bookAction" method="list">
<result>/list.jspresult>
action>
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<action name="delete" class="bookAction" method="delete">
<result type="redirect">list.action?queryMap=${queryMap}result>
action>
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<action name="*" class="com.sterning.commons.AbstractAction">
<result>/{1}.jspresult>
action>
<action name="edit" class="bookAction" method="load">
<result>/editBook.jspresult>
action>
<action name="save" class="bookAction" method="save">
<interceptor-ref name="params"/>
<interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
<result name="input">/editBook.jspresult>
<result type="redirect">list.action?queryMap=${queryMap}result>
action>
package>
struts>
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文件中的,使用了struts2自己的拦截器,拦截器在AOP(Aspect-Oriented Programming)中用于在某个方法或字段被访问之前,进行拦截然后在之前或之后加入某些操作。拦截是AOP的一种实现策略。
Struts 2已经提供了丰富多样的,功能齐全的拦截器实现。大家可以到struts2-all-2.0.6.jar或struts2-core-2.0.6.jar包的struts-default.xml查看关于默认的拦截器与拦截器链的配置。
在struts-default.xml中已经配置了大量的拦截器。如果您想要使用这些已有的拦截器,只需要在应用程序struts.xml文件中通过“”将struts-default.xml文件包含进来,并继承其中的struts-default包(package),最后在定义Action时,使用“”引用拦截器或拦截器栈(interceptor stack)。一旦您继承了struts-default包(package),所有Action都会调用拦截器栈 ——defaultStack。当然,在Action配置中加入“”可以覆盖defaultStack。
作为“框架(framework)”,可扩展性是不可或缺的,因为世上没有放之四海而皆准的东西。虽然,Struts 2为我们提供如此丰富的拦截器实现,但是这并不意味我们失去创建自定义拦截器的能力,恰恰相反,在Struts 2自定义拦截器是相当容易的一件事。所有的Struts 2的拦截器都直接或间接实现接口com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.Interceptor。除此之外,大家可能更喜欢继承类com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AbstractInterceptor。
九、 配置Spring
1、Spring的配置文件如下:
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "">
<beans>
<bean id ="dataSource" class ="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/game" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root"/>
bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
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<property name="dataSource">
<ref bean="dataSource"/>
property>
<property name="configLocation">
<value>classpath:com\sterning\bean\hibernate\hibernate.cfg.xmlvalue>
property>
bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref local="sessionFactory"/>
property>
bean>
<bean id="booksDao" class="com.sterning.books.dao.hibernate.BooksMapDao">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
property>
bean>
<bean id="booksService" class="com.sterning.books.services.BooksService">
<property name="booksDao">
<ref bean="booksDao"/>
property>
bean>
<bean id="pagerService" class="com.sterning.commons.PagerService"/>
<bean id="bookAction" class="com.sterning.books.web.actions.BooksAction" singleton="false">
<property name="booksService">
<ref bean="booksService"/>
property>
<property name="pagerService">
<ref bean="pagerService"/>
property>
bean>
beans>
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WebRoot/WEB-INF/srping-content/applicationContent.xml
2、Struts.properties.xml
本来此文件应该写在struts 配置一节,但主要是考虑这体现了集成spring的配置,所以放在spring的配置这里来讲。
struts.objectFactory = spring
struts.locale=zh_CN
struts.i18n.encoding = GBK
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struts.objectFactory:ObjectFactory 实现了 com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory接口(spring)。struts.objectFactory=spring,主要是告知Struts 2运行时使用Spring来创建对象(如Action等)。当然,Spring的ContextLoaderListener监听器,会在web.xml文件中编写,负责Spring与Web容器交互。
struts.locale:The default locale for the Struts application。 默认的国际化地区信息。
struts.i18n.encoding:国际化信息内码。
十、 Web.xml配置
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xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
DOCTYPE web-app
PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"">
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<web-app>
<display-name>图书管理系统display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>log4jConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/log4j.propertiesparam-value>
context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-context/applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>com.sterning.commons.SetCharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>UTF-8param-value>
init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncodingparam-name>
<param-value>trueparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcherfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>configparam-name>
<param-value>struts-default.xml,struts-plugin.xml,struts.xml,struts_books.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
filter>
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<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
listener>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListenerlistener-class>
listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jspwelcome-file>
welcome-file-list>
web-app>
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在Struts 2中,配置有少许改变,最明显的是分发器(dispatcher)已由Servlet转为Servlet Filter, 其配置和Servlet一样简单。和Servlet配置一样,Filter配置中定义了Filter的名称(作为引用)和类名。Filter Mapping通过URI和名称匹配来调用相应的Filter。默认情况下,扩展名为“.action”,这是在default.properties文件(在Struts 2 JAR文件里)的“struts.action.extension”属性定义的。
待续.....