在CentOS和Fedora
Core的发行版中，采用了一种叫做yum得软件包综合管理工具，它的全称是Yellowdog Updater,Modified，这个工具并不是CentOS开发的，而是由Yellow Dog
Linux开发的软件包综合管理工具。作为软件包综合管理工具除了yum外，还有DebianGNU/Linux所采用的APT和Red Hat Enterprise
Linux等所采用的up2date（在RHEL5开始采用了YUM的软件包管理）。它们的共同特点是：通过网络安装和升级软件包;
自动解决软件包间的依存关系;这里请注意:Yum的软件包升级的软件包并非是最新
的软件，它是基于RPM软件包形式的软件，是CentOS（RHEL）确
认的安全稳定包。要安装最新的软件，最好采用编译安装的方式。定义yum的非官方库，在服务器构建的过程中，我们将要用到的一些工具不存在于CentOS
中yum的官方库中，所以需要定义yum的非官方库文件，让一些必需的工
具通过yum也能够安装。
[root@centos5 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo
(此文件默认不存在，需要手工创建。建立dag.repo，定义非官方库)
[dag]
name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
[root@centos5 ~]# rpm --import (导入非官方库的GPG)
[root@centos5 ~]# yum --help
usage: yum [options] < grouplist, localinstall, groupinfo,
localupdate, resolvedep, erase, deplist, groupremove, makecache,
upgrade, provides, shell, install,
whatprovides, groupinstall, update, repolist, groupupdate, info, search,
check-update,
list, remove, clean, grouperase >
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors
-C run entirely from cache, don't update cache
-c [config file] config file location
-R [minutes] maximum command wait time
-d [debug level] debugging output level
-e [error level] error output level
-q, --quiet quiet operation
-v, --verbose verbose operation
-y answer yes for all questions
--version show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path] set install root
--enablerepo=[repo] enable one or more repositories (wildcards
allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards
allowed)
-x [package], --exclude=[package]
exclude package(s) by name or glob
--disableexcludes=[repo]
disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
everything
--obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins disable Yum plugins
--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking
--disableplugin=[plugin]
disable plugins by name
[root@centos5 ~]# yum check-update
(检查可用的更新包)
Deployment_Guide-en-US.noarch
5.2-11.el5.centos updates
Deployment_Guide-zh-CN.noarch 5.2-11.el5.centos
updates
Deployment_Guide-zh-TW.noarch 5.2-11.el5.centos
updates
avahi.i386 0.6.16-1.el5_2.1
updates
avahi-glib.i386 0.6.16-1.el5_2.1
updates
bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_
updates
bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_
updates
bluez-libs.i386 3.7-1.1
updates
bluez-utils.i386 3.7-2.2.el5.centos
updates
bzip2.i386 1.0.3-4.el5_2
updates
bzip2-libs.i386 1.0.3-4.el5_2
updates
cadaver.i386 0.22.5-1.el5.rf dag
cups.i386 1:1.2.4-11.18.el5_2.3 updates
cups-libs.i386 1:1.2.4-11.18.el5_2.3 updates
dbus.i386 1.0.0-7.el5_2.1
updates
dhcpv6-client.i386 1.0.10-4.el5_2.3
updates
dmraid.i386 1.0.0.rc13-15.el5_2.1 updates
ed.i386 0.2-39.el5_2
updates
freetype.i386 2.2.1-20.el5_2
updates
glibc.i686 2.5-24.el5_2.2
updates
glibc-common.i386 2.5-24.el5_2.2
updates
gnutls.i386 1.4.1-3.el5_2.1
updates
initscripts.i386 8.45.19.1.EL-1.el5.cen
updates
ipsec-tools.i386 0.6.5-9.el5_2.3
updates
kernel.i686 2.6.18-92.1.22.el5
updates
krb5-libs.i386 1.6.1-25.el5_2.2
updates
krb5-workstation.i386 1.6.1-25.el5_2.2
updates
lftp.i386 3.7.8-1.el5.rf dag
libtiff.i386 3.8.2-7.el5_2.2
updates
libxml2.i386 2.6.26-2.1.2.7
updates
libxml2-python.i386 2.6.26-2.1.2.7
updates
libxslt.i386 1.1.17-2.el5_2.2
updates
lvm2.i386 2.02.32-4.el5_2.1
updates
mtr.i386 2:0.75-1.el5.rf dag
nfs-utils.i386 1:1.0.9-35z.el5_2
updates
nscd.i386 2.5-24.el5_2.2
updates
nspr.i386 4.7.3-2.el5
updates
nss.i386 3.12.2.0-4.el5.centos updates
nss-tools.i386 3.12.2.0-4.el5.centos updates
nss_ldap.i386 253-13.el5_2.1
updates
openldap.i386 2.3.27-8.el5_2.4
updates
openssh.i386 4.3p2-26.el5_2.1
updates
openssh-clients.i386 4.3p2-26.el5_2.1
updates
openssh-server.i386 4.3p2-26.el5_2.1
updates
openssl.i686 0.9.8b-10.el5_2.1
updates
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1.el5_2.1
updates
paps.i386 0.6.6-18.el5
updates
perl.i386 4:5.8.8-15.el5_2.1
updates
rsync.i386 3.0.5-1.el5.rf dag
scim.i386 1.4.4-41.el5
updates
scim-bridge.i386 0.4.5-8.el5
updates
scim-bridge-gtk.i386 0.4.5-8.el5
updates
scim-libs.i386 1.4.4-41.el5
updates
selinux-policy.noarch 2.4.6-137.1.el5
updates
selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 2.4.6-137.1.el5
updates
sos.noarch 1.7-9.2.el5_2.2
updates
syslinux.i386 3.73-1.el5.rf dag
tzdata.noarch 2008i-1.el5
updates
udftools.i386 1.0.0b3-3.el5.rf dag
vim-common.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
updates
vim-enhanced.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
updates
vim-minimal.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
updates
yum.noarch 3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1
updates
[root@centos5 ~]# yum update
yum.noarch (升级)
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: yum-fastestmirror for package: yum
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.10-9.el5.centos set to be
updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version
Repository Size
=============================================================================
Updating:
yum noarch 3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1
updates 58
2 k
Installing for dependencies:
yum-fastestmirror noarch 1.1.10-9.el5.centos
base 13 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Update 1 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 595 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
.
(1/2): yum-3.2.8-9.el5.ce 100% |=========================| 582 kB
00:23
(2/2): yum-fastestmirror- 100% |=========================| 13 kB
00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID
e8562897
Importing GPG key 0xE8562897 "CentOS-5 Key (CentOS 5 Official Signing
Key) <>" from
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : yum #########################
[1/3]
Installing: yum-fastestmirror #########################
[2/3]
Cleanup : yum #########################
[3/3]
Dependency Installed:
yum-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.10-9.el5.centos
Updated: yum.noarch 0:3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1
Complete!
[root@centos5 ~]# yum install bind
(安装)
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Determining fastest mirrors
* base:
* updates:
* addons:
* extras:
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 for
package: bind
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 30:9.3.4-6.P1.el5 for package:
bind-utils
---> Package bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be
updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version
Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
bind i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
updates 959 k
Updating:
bind-libs i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
updates 846 k
Updating for dependencies:
bind-utils i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
updates 166 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Update 2 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): bind-libs-9.3.4-6. 100% |=========================| 846 kB
00:41
(2/3): bind-9.3.4-6.0.3.P 100% |=========================| 959 kB
00:18
(3/3): bind-utils-9.3.4-6 100% |=========================| 166 kB
00:06
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : bind-libs #########################
[1/5]
Updating : bind-utils #########################
[2/5]
Installing: bind #########################
[3/5]
Cleanup : bind-utils #########################
[4/5]
Cleanup : bind-libs #########################
[5/5]
Installed: bind.i386
30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Updated: bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Dependency Updated: bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Complete!
[root@centos5 ~]# yum remove bind (卸载)
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Remove Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base:
* updates:
* addons:
* extras:
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version
Repository Size
=============================================================================
Removing:
bind i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
installed 2
.1 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 1 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : bind #########################
[1/1]
Removed: bind.i386
30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Complete!
[root@centos5 ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf
(代理服务器设置)
proxy=http:// 服务器IP:端口 ← 最后一行添加
[root@centos5 ~]#
/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum-updatesd stop (关闭自动更新)
[root@centos5 ~]# chkconfig yum-updatesd off
如果系统存在的一些软件包有版本的依存问题，那么我们不能够，也不会轻易的升级它
们（除非你做过完善的测试工作）。我们可以告诉yum在
更新时不更新谁。
[root@centos5 ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf ←编辑yum设置文件
# 在文件的最后追加
exclude=openssh*
←这里是不更新openssh相关的设置
exclude=httpd ←不更新httpd
其他的选项和说明
check-update 显示可升级的软件包
clean 删除下载后的旧的header。和clean all相同
clean oldheaders 删除旧的headers
clean packages 删除下载后的软件包
info 显示可用软件包信息
info 软件包名 显示指定软件包信息
install 软件包名 安装指定软件包
list 显示可用软件包
list installed 显示安装了的软件包
list updates 显示可升级的软件包
provides 软件包名 显示软件包所包含的文件
remove 软件包名 删除制定的软件包，确认判定指定软件包的依存关系。
search 关键字
利用关键字搜索软件包。搜索对象是，RPM文件名，Packager（包），Dummary，Description的各型
update 升级所有的可升级的软件包
update 软件包名 升级指定的软件包
groupinstall 安装指定的组
groupupdate 安装了的组成员软件包更新
grouplist 安装了的组和可以安装的组一览显示
groupremove 删除指定的组
groupinfo 指定组所包含的软件包显示3
此文档来自:http://hi.baidu.com/naruto6006/blog/item/37da6edb6c7cf4dcb6fd48bb.html | 