oracle11g 安装设置环境变量既要调整的内核参数

1、环境变量
讲一下内容写到~oracle/.bash_profile或者写到.bashrc,本文写到~oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

## For Oracle ##
export EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_SID=ccdb
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.1.0/db_1
export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.1.0/crs_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
#export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
#export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/X11R6/lib64/
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATH
umask 022

#export NLS_LANG='AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8'
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16CGB231280
#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHT16BIG5
#export NLS_LANG="traditional chinese_taiwan.ZHT16BIG5"

#export LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG=en_US

alias sqlplus="uniread sqlplus"
alias rman="uniread rman"
alias adrci="uniread adrci"
################

2、内核参数调整
编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件添加以下内容

## For Oracle ##
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
################
fs.file-max = 6553600

注意：如果是启动vnc远程安装一定要运行+xhost命令
oracle安装时调整内核参数的意义：

 

Name	Description	Reasonable Values
SHMMAX	Maximum size of shared memory segment (bytes)	250kB + 8.2kB * shared_buffers + 14.2kB * max_connections or infinity
SHMMIN	Minimum size of shared memory segment (bytes)	1
SHMALL	Total amount of shared memory available (bytes or pages)	if bytes, same as SHMMAX; if pages, ceil(SHMMAX/PAGE_SIZE)
SHMSEG	Maximum number of shared memory segments per process	only 1 segment is needed, but the default is much higher
SHMMNI	Maximum number of shared memory segments system-wide	like SHMSEG plus room for other applications
SEMMNI	Maximum number of semaphore identifiers (that is, sets)	>= ceil(max_connections / 16)
SEMMNS	Maximum number of semaphores system-wide	ceil(max_connections / 16) * 17 + room for other applications
SEMMSL	Maximum number of semaphores per set	>= 17
SEMMAP	Number of entries in semaphore map	see text
SEMVMX	Maximum value of semaphore	>= 255 (The default is often 32767, do not change unless asked to.)

     kernel.shmall = 2097152 ------可用共享内存的总量，单位页，在32位系统上一页=4k，也就是4096字节。按照这个设置2097152*4k/1024/1024 = 8G， 就是说可用共享内存一共 8G
     kernel.shmmax = 2147483648-----单个共享内存段的最大数，2147483648/1024/1024=2048M=2G
     kernel.shmmni = 4096 -------单个共享内存段的最小值1096b=4k

 

修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件。其中的几个参数的含义是：

kernel.shmmax表示最大共享内存，如果小的话可以按实际情况而定，一般为物理内存的一半，不过我的虚拟机只有256M，所以就全部算进去了。

shmmni表示最小共享内存固定4096KB

shmall表示所有内存大小

sem 4个参数依次是SEMMSL：每个用户拥有信号量最大数，SEMMNS：系统信号量最大数，SEMOPM：每次semopm系统调用操作数，SEMMNI：系统辛苦量集数最大数。这4个参数为固定内容大小。

file-max固定大小65536

ip_local_port_range表示端口的范围，为指定的内容。