POP / IMAP 是 MUA 从邮件服务器中读取邮件时使用的协议。其中,与 POP3 是从邮件服务器中下载邮件比起来,IMAP4 则是将邮件留在服务器端直接对邮件进行管理、操作。这里,我们用 Dovecot 来实现对 POP3 及 IMAP4 等协议支持的邮件接收服务器的搭建。
Dovecot 是一个比较新的软件,由 Timo Sirainen 开发,最初发布于 2002年7月。作者将安全性考虑在第一,所以 Dovecot 在安全性方面比较出众。另外,Dovecot 支持多种认证方式,所以在功能方面也比较符合一般的应用。
首先,安装 Dovecot 。
[root@sample ~]# yum -y install dovecot ← 在线安装 Dovecot
Setting up Install Process Setting up repositories dag 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 update 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 addons 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 Reading repository metadata in from local files Parsing package install arguments Resolving Dependencies --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for dovecot to pack into transaction set. dovecot-0.99.11-4.EL4.i38 100% |=========================| 15 kB 00:00 ---> Package dovecot.i386 0:0.99.11-4.EL4 set to be updated --> Running transaction check --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.14(libmysqlclient_14) for package: dovecot --> Processing Dependency: libpq.so.3 for package: dovecot --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.14 for package: dovecot --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for postgresql-libs to pack into transaction set. postgresql-libs-7.4.13-2. 100% |=========================| 11 kB 00:00 ---> Package postgresql-libs.i386 0:7.4.13-2.RHEL4.1 set to be updated ---> Downloading header for mysql to pack into transaction set. mysql-4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1.i3 100% |=========================| 35 kB 00:00 ---> Package mysql.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 set to be updated --> Running transaction check --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes. --> Populating transaction set with selected packages. Please wait. ---> Downloading header for perl-DBI to pack into transaction set. perl-DBI-1.40-8.i386.rpm 100% |=========================| 11 kB 00:00 ---> Package perl-DBI.i386 0:1.40-8 set to be updated --> Running transaction check Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================= Installing: dovecot i386 0.99.11-4.EL4 base 612 k Installing for dependencies: mysql i386 4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 base 2.9 M perl-DBI i386 1.40-8 base 466 k postgresql-libs i386 7.4.13-2.RHEL4.1 base 146 k
Transaction Summary ============================================================================= Install 4 Package(s) Update 0 Package(s) Remove 0 Package(s) Total download size: 4.1 M Downloading Packages: (1/4): dovecot-0.99.11-4. 100% |=========================| 612 kB 00:00 (2/4): postgresql-libs-7. 100% |=========================| 146 kB 00:00 (3/4): mysql-4.1.20-1.RHE 100% |=========================| 2.9 MB 00:02 (4/4): perl-DBI-1.40-8.i3 100% |=========================| 466 kB 00:00 Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing: perl-DBI ######################### [1/4]
Installing: mysql ######################### [2/4]
Installing: postgresql-libs ######################### [3/4]
Installing: dovecot ######################### [4/4]
Installed: dovecot.i386 0:0.99.11-4.EL4 Dependency Installed: mysql.i386 0:4.1.20-1.RHEL4.1 perl-DBI.i386 0:1.40-8 postgresql-libs.i386 0:7.4.13-2.RHEL4.1
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然后,修改相应配置文件,配置 Dovecot 。
[root@sample ~]# vi /etc/dovecot.conf ← 编辑Dovecot 的配置文件
#protocols = imap imaps ← 找到这一行,将协议设置为imap与pop3
↓ protocols = imap pop3 ← 变为此状态
#default_mail_env = ← 找到这一行,定义邮件目录
↓ default_mail_env = maildir:~/Maildir ← 定义邮件目录为用户目录下的Maildir目录
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由于 POP3 协议与 IMAP4 协议要分别用到110号和143号端口,所以在启动服务前,配置防火墙,开通这两个端口。
[root@sample ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables ← 编辑防火墙规则
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT ← 找到此行,接着添加如下两行: -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT ← 允许POP使用的110号端口 -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT ← 允许IMAP使用的143号端口
[root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables restart ← 重新启动防火墙,使新的设置生效
Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] Unloading iptables modules: [ OK ] Applying iptables firewall rules: [ OK ]
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最后,启动 Dovecot ,并将其设置为自启动。
[root@sample ~]# chkconfig dovecot on ← 设置Dovecot为自启动
[root@sample ~]# chkconfig --list dovecot
dovecot 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off ← 确认2~5为on的状态就OK
[root@sample ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/dovecot start ← 启动Dovecot服务
Starting Dovecot Imap: [ OK ]
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至此,配合Postfix,就可以通过E-mail客户端软件实现电子邮件的收发了。
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