分类: 嵌入式
2010-08-23 11:56:08
OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32littlearm", "elf32littlearm", "elf32littlearm") |
/* * armboot - Startup Code for ARM920 CPU-core * * Copyright (c) 2001 Marius Gr鰃er * Copyright (c) 2002 Alex Z黳ke * Copyright (c) 2002 Gary Jennejohn * * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this * project. * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, * MA 02111-1307 USA */ #include #include /* ************************************************************************* * * Jump vector table as in table 3.1 in [1] * ************************************************************************* */ .globl _start /* .global makes the symbol visible to ld,和C中的export类似 * 注意:此语句不占用内存,只是个伪指令 */ _start: b start_code /* 跳转到start_code处,入口函数 */ ldr pc, _undefined_instruction /* pc: = (address) */ ldr pc, _software_interrupt ldr pc, _prefetch_abort ldr pc, _data_abort ldr pc, _not_used ldr pc, _irq ldr pc, _fiq _undefined_instruction: .word undefined_instruction _software_interrupt: .word software_interrupt _prefetch_abort: .word prefetch_abort _data_abort: .word data_abort _not_used: .word not_used _irq: .word irq _fiq: .word fiq .balignl 16,0xdeadbeef /*********************************************************************** * 其实这段代码是依据ARM的异常处理模式来编写的,undefined_instruction,..., fiq是在 * 头文件中定义过的。分别对应几种中断的地址 *
* ARM920T处理器核心支持32位和16位两种指令长度,由于我们使用了ARM指令集,即32位指令集, * 所以一条指令占32位,即4个字节,所以pc的值,是按照4字节的长度增加或减少的。 * * 上面的程序共占用4*8+4*7=60字节的空间。 * .balignl 16,0xdeadbeef表示以16字节为基准进行地址对齐,并在之前的未占用空间写入 * 数据deadbeef。 * 关于此条指令,可以参阅http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_538345ae0100088n.html ***********************************************************************/ /* ************************************************************************* * * Startup Code (called from the ARM reset exception vector) * * do important init only if we don't start from memory! * relocate armboot to ram * setup stack * jump to second stage * ************************************************************************* */ _TEXT_BASE: .word TEXT_BASE /* uboot影像在sdram中的重定位地址 */ .globl _armboot_start _armboot_start: .word _start /* * These are defined in the board-specific linker script. */ .globl _bss_start _bss_start: .word __bss_start /*__bss_start是uboot的bss段起始地址,由此我们可以算出 *uboot镜像的大小:__bss_start-_start. */ .globl _bss_end _bss_end: .word _end #ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ /* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */ .globl IRQ_STACK_START IRQ_STACK_START: .word 0x0badc0de /* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */ .globl FIQ_STACK_START FIQ_STACK_START: .word 0x0badc0de #endif /* * the actual start code */ start_code: /* * set the cpu to SVC32 mode */ mrs r0, cpsr /*把CPSR内容存入r0.使用了mrs指令:专用寄存器到通过寄存器的存取. * CPSR——程序状态寄存器格式如下: * orr r0, r0, #0xd3/* r0=r0|(0xd3) =0x***10011 */ msr cpsr, r0 /*把r0存入CPSR寄存器*/ /* M0,M1,M2,M3和M4是模式位,这些位决定处理器的工作模式。10011对应的模式为管理模式, * 即svc模式。 */ bl coloured_LED_init bl red_LED_on #if defined(CONFIG_AT91RM9200DK) || defined(CONFIG_AT91RM9200EK) /* * relocate exception table */ ldr r0, =_start /*_start的内容存入r0 */ ldr r1, =0x0 /*将0x0存入r1 */ mov r2, #16 /*r2=0x10 */ copyex: subs r2, r2, #1 /* r2 = r2 - 1 */ ldr r3, [r0], #4 /* r3=r0,r0=r0+4 */ str r3, [r1], #4 /* r1=r3,r1=r1+4 */ bne copyex /*如果r2!=0,则跳转到copyex*/ #endif #if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400) || defined(CONFIG_S3C2410) /* turn off the watchdog */ # if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400) # define pWTCON 0x15300000 # define INTMSK 0x14400008 /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */ # define CLKDIVN 0x14800014 /* clock divisor register */ #else # define pWTCON 0x53000000 # define INTMSK 0x4A000008 /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */ # define INTSUBMSK 0x4A00001C # define CLKDIVN 0x4C000014 /* clock divisor register */ # endif ldr r0, =pWTCON /*把看门狗计数器控制寄存器地址存于r0*/ mov r1, #0x0 /*r1=0x0*/ str r1, [r0]/*非使能看门狗计数器,pWTCON最后一比特写0表示不会输出复位信号*/ /* * mask all IRQs by setting all bits in the INTMR - default */ mov r1, #0xffffffff /*r1全写1 */ ldr r0, =INTMSK /*中断控制器的基址INTMSK存入r0 */ str r1, [r0] /*设置INTMSK全为1,关闭中断*/ # if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410) ldr r1, =0x3ff ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK str r1, [r0] # endif /*子中断有11个中断源,感觉应该写成0x7ff*/ /* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */ /* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */ ldr r0, =CLKDIVN mov r1, #3 str r1, [r0] #endif /* CONFIG_S3C2400 || CONFIG_S3C2410 */ /*查看数据手册可以看到 *此处设置CLKDIVN为3,可以保证FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4*/ /* * we do sys-critical inits only at reboot, * not when booting from ram! */ /*选择是否初始化CPU*/ #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT bl cpu_init_crit /*执行CPU初始化,BL完成跳转的同时会把后面紧跟的一条指令地址保存到连接寄存器LR(R14)中。以使子程序执行完后正常返回。*/ #endif #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT relocate: /* relocate U-Boot to RAM */ adr r0, _start /* r0 <- current position of code */ ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE /* test if we run from flash or RAM */ cmp r0, r1 /* don't reloc during debug */ beq stack_setup ldr r2, _armboot_start ldr r3, _bss_start sub r2, r3, r2 /* r2 <- size of armboot */ add r2, r0, r2 /* r2 <- source end address */ copy_loop: ldmia r0!, {r3-r10} /* copy from source address [r0] */ stmia r1!, {r3-r10} /* copy to target address [r1] */ cmp r0, r2 /* until source end addreee [r2] */ ble copy_loop #endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */ /* Set up the stack */ stack_setup: ldr r0, _TEXT_BASE /* upper 128 KiB: relocated uboot */ sub r0, r0, #CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN /* malloc area */ sub r0, r0, #CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_SIZE /* bdinfo */ #ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ sub r0, r0, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ+CONFIG_STACKSIZE_FIQ) #endif sub sp, r0, #12 /* leave 3 words for abort-stack */ clear_bss: ldr r0, _bss_start /* find start of bss segment */ ldr r1, _bss_end /* stop here */ mov r2, #0x00000000 /* clear */ clbss_l:str r2, [r0] /* clear loop... */ add r0, r0, #4 cmp r0, r1 ble clbss_l ldr pc, _start_armboot _start_armboot: .word start_armboot /* ************************************************************************* * * CPU_init_critical registers * * setup important registers * setup memory timing * ************************************************************************* */ #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT cpu_init_crit: /* * flush v4 I/D caches */ mov r0, #0 mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0 /* flush v3/v4 cache */ mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0 /* flush v4 TLB */ /* * disable MMU stuff and caches */ mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 @ clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS) bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 @ clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM) orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 @ set bit 2 (A) Align orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 @ set bit 12 (I) I-Cache mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0 /* * before relocating, we have to setup RAM timing * because memory timing is board-dependend, you will * find a lowlevel_init.S in your board directory. */ mov ip, lr bl lowlevel_init mov lr, ip mov pc, lr #endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT */ /* ************************************************************************* * * Interrupt handling * ************************************************************************* */ @ @ IRQ stack frame. @ #define S_FRAME_SIZE 72 #define S_OLD_R0 68 #define S_PSR 64 #define S_PC 60 #define S_LR 56 #define S_SP 52 #define S_IP 48 #define S_FP 44 #define S_R10 40 #define S_R9 36 #define S_R8 32 #define S_R7 28 #define S_R6 24 #define S_R5 20 #define S_R4 16 #define S_R3 12 #define S_R2 8 #define S_R1 4 #define S_R0 0 #define MODE_SVC 0x13 #define I_BIT 0x80 /* * use bad_save_user_regs for abort/prefetch/undef/swi ... * use irq_save_user_regs / irq_restore_user_regs for IRQ/FIQ handling */ .macro bad_save_user_regs sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE stmia sp, {r0 - r12} @ Calling r0-r12 ldr r2, _armboot_start sub r2, r2, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE) sub r2, r2, #(CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN) /* set base 2 words into abort stack */ sub r2, r2, #(CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) ldmia r2, {r2 - r3} @ get pc, cpsr add r0, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE @ restore sp_SVC add r5, sp, #S_SP mov r1, lr stmia r5, {r0 - r3} @ save sp_SVC, lr_SVC, pc, cpsr mov r0, sp .endm .macro irq_save_user_regs sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE stmia sp, {r0 - r12} @ Calling r0-r12 add r7, sp, #S_PC stmdb r7, {sp, lr}^ @ Calling SP, LR str lr, [r7, #0] @ Save calling PC mrs r6, spsr str r6, [r7, #4] @ Save CPSR str r0, [r7, #8] @ Save OLD_R0 mov r0, sp .endm .macro irq_restore_user_regs ldmia sp, {r0 - lr}^ @ Calling r0 - lr mov r0, r0 ldr lr, [sp, #S_PC] @ Get PC add sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE /* return & move spsr_svc into cpsr */ subs pc, lr, #4 .endm .macro get_bad_stack ldr r13, _armboot_start @ setup our mode stack sub r13, r13, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE) sub r13, r13, #(CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN) /* reserve a couple spots in abort stack */ sub r13, r13, #(CONFIG_SYS_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) str lr, [r13] @ save caller lr / spsr mrs lr, spsr str lr, [r13, #4] mov r13, #MODE_SVC @ prepare SVC-Mode @ msr spsr_c, r13 msr spsr, r13 mov lr, pc movs pc, lr .endm .macro get_irq_stack @ setup IRQ stack ldr sp, IRQ_STACK_START .endm .macro get_fiq_stack @ setup FIQ stack ldr sp, FIQ_STACK_START .endm /* * exception handlers */ .align 5 undefined_instruction: get_bad_stack bad_save_user_regs bl do_undefined_instruction .align 5 software_interrupt: get_bad_stack bad_save_user_regs bl do_software_interrupt .align 5 prefetch_abort: get_bad_stack bad_save_user_regs bl do_prefetch_abort .align 5 data_abort: get_bad_stack bad_save_user_regs bl do_data_abort .align 5 not_used: get_bad_stack bad_save_user_regs bl do_not_used #ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ .align 5 irq: get_irq_stack irq_save_user_regs bl do_irq irq_restore_user_regs .align 5 fiq: get_fiq_stack /* someone ought to write a more effiction fiq_save_user_regs */ irq_save_user_regs bl do_fiq irq_restore_user_regs #else .align 5 irq: get_bad_stack bad_save_user_regs bl do_irq .align 5 fiq: get_bad_stack bad_save_user_regs bl do_fiq #endif |
chinaunix网友2010-08-25 15:27:13
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