rhel5中跟磁盘有关的几个小命令
1.blkid
用来查看系统中设备的labels和文件系统类型，如下所示：
[root@rhel5 conf]# blkid
/dev/hda5: LABEL="SWAP-hda5" TYPE="swap"
/dev/hda3: LABEL="/1" UUID="43307fc2-3433-4ad2-98a1-22375c2cf9e6" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/hda1: LABEL="/boot1" UUID="bbed6563-0946-47cd-9ca2-ac65f41aebfd" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/hda2: LABEL="/home" UUID="7742e7db-b435-481f-9a37-3e81db276baa" TYPE="ext3"
2.sfdisk,linux中分区表的操纵者。
查看磁盘的大小：
[root@rhel5 ~]# sfdisk -s
/dev/hda: 58605120
total: 58605120 blocks
查看某个分区的大小：
[root@rhel5 ~]# sfdisk -s /dev/hda2
2096482
列出分区表：
[root@rhel5 ~]# sfdisk -l /dev/hda
Disk /dev/hda: 116280 cylinders, 16 heads, 63 sectors/track
Warning: extended partition does not start at a cylinder boundary.
DOS and Linux will interpret the contents differently.
Warning: The partition table looks like it was made
for C/H/S=*/255/63 (instead of 116280/16/63).
For this listing I'll assume that geometry.
Units = cylinders of 8225280 bytes, blocks of 1024 bytes, counting from 0
Device Boot Start End #cyls #blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 0+ 12 13- 104391 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 13 273 261 2096482+ 83 Linux
/dev/hda3 274 2883 2610 20964825 83 Linux
/dev/hda4 2884 7295 4412 35439390 5 Extended
/dev/hda5 2884+ 3013 130- 1044193+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
3.tune2fs和dumpe2fs
tune2fs是linux下面重要的文件系统调整工具，其中的几个选项解释如下：
-c：表示文件系统在mount次数达到设定后，需要运行fsck检查文件系统。
-i：文件系统的检查间隔时间。系统在达到时间间隔时，自动检查文件系统。
-l：显示文件系统的很多参数。
-j：转换为ext3文件系统。
-m:Set the percentage of reserved filesystem blocks。 设置保留的空间百分比
-o:Set or clear the indicated default mount options in the filesystem.设置默认加载参数.
通常如果使用ext3文件系统的话，使用-c 0关掉mount次数达到后的文件系统检查。
修改文件系统保留的块的百分比，默认为5%.
[root@rhel5 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/hda1
tune2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem volume name: /boot1
Last mounted on:
Filesystem UUID: bbed6563-0946-47cd-9ca2-ac65f41aebfd
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 26104
Block count: 104388
Reserved block count: 5219
Free blocks: 89854
Free inodes: 26071
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 2008
Inode blocks per group: 251
Filesystem created: Thu Mar 5 20:07:00 2009
Last mount time: Fri Mar 6 10:06:14 2009
Last write time: Fri Mar 6 10:06:14 2009
Mount count: 4
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Thu Mar 5 20:07:00 2009
Check interval: 0 ()
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 128
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: tea
Directory Hash Seed: 49de1ba9-8beb-4bc5-93b6-89036dcfcca7
Journal backup: inode blocks
[root@rhel5 ~]# tune2fs -m 10 /dev/hda1|grep 'Reserved block count:'
Reserved block count: 10438
设置默认的挂载选项：
[root@rhel5 ~]# tune2fs -o acl,user_xattr /dev/hda1
tune2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
[root@rhel5 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/hda1|grep 'Default mount options:'
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
禁止强制的文件系统检查：
[root@rhel5 ~]# tune2fs -i0 -c0 /dev/hda1
tune2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds
[root@rhel5 ~]# tune2fs -l /dev/hda1
tune2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem volume name: /boot1
Last mounted on:
Filesystem UUID: bbed6563-0946-47cd-9ca2-ac65f41aebfd
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 26104
Block count: 104388
Reserved block count: 10438
Free blocks: 89854
Free inodes: 26071
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 2008
Inode blocks per group: 251
Filesystem created: Thu Mar 5 20:07:00 2009
Last mount time: Fri Mar 6 10:06:14 2009
Last write time: Fri Mar 6 10:55:46 2009
Mount count: 4
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Thu Mar 5 20:07:00 2009
Check interval: 0 ()
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 128
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: tea
Directory Hash Seed: 49de1ba9-8beb-4bc5-93b6-89036dcfcca7
Journal backup: inode blocks
dump2fs显示当前的磁盘状态:
[root@rhel5 ~]# dumpe2fs /dev/hda1
dumpe2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem volume name: /boot1
Last mounted on:
Filesystem UUID: bbed6563-0946-47cd-9ca2-ac65f41aebfd
Filesystem magic number: 0xEF53
Filesystem revision #: 1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features: has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery sparse_super
Default mount options: user_xattr acl
Filesystem state: clean
Errors behavior: Continue
Filesystem OS type: Linux
Inode count: 26104
Block count: 104388
Reserved block count: 5219
Free blocks: 89854
Free inodes: 26071
First block: 1
Block size: 1024
Fragment size: 1024
Reserved GDT blocks: 256
Blocks per group: 8192
Fragments per group: 8192
Inodes per group: 2008
Inode blocks per group: 251
Filesystem created: Thu Mar 5 20:07:00 2009
Last mount time: Fri Mar 6 10:06:14 2009
Last write time: Fri Mar 6 10:57:22 2009
Mount count: 4
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Thu Mar 5 20:07:00 2009
Check interval: 0 ()
Reserved blocks uid: 0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid: 0 (group root)
First inode: 11
Inode size: 128
Journal inode: 8
Default directory hash: tea
Directory Hash Seed: 49de1ba9-8beb-4bc5-93b6-89036dcfcca7
Journal backup: inode blocks
Journal size: 4114k
Group 0: (Blocks 1-8192)
Primary superblock at 1, Group descriptors at 2-2
Reserved GDT blocks at 3-258
Block bitmap at 259 (+258), Inode bitmap at 260 (+259)
Inode table at 261-511 (+260)
511 free blocks, 1992 free inodes, 2 directories
Free blocks: 5557-6067
Free inodes: 17-2008
Group 1: (Blocks 8193-16384)
Backup superblock at 8193, Group descriptors at 8194-8194
Reserved GDT blocks at 8195-8450
Block bitmap at 8451 (+258), Inode bitmap at 8452 (+259)
Inode table at 8453-8703 (+260)
5374 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 11011-16384
Free inodes: 2009-4016
Group 2: (Blocks 16385-24576)
Block bitmap at 16385 (+0), Inode bitmap at 16386 (+1)
Inode table at 16387-16637 (+2)
7939 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 16638-24576
Free inodes: 4017-6024
Group 3: (Blocks 24577-32768)
Backup superblock at 24577, Group descriptors at 24578-24578
Reserved GDT blocks at 24579-24834
Block bitmap at 24835 (+258), Inode bitmap at 24836 (+259)
Inode table at 24837-25087 (+260)
7681 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 25088-32768
Free inodes: 6025-8032
Group 4: (Blocks 32769-40960)
Block bitmap at 32769 (+0), Inode bitmap at 32770 (+1)
Inode table at 32771-33021 (+2)
7939 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 33022-40960
Free inodes: 8033-10040
Group 5: (Blocks 40961-49152)
Backup superblock at 40961, Group descriptors at 40962-40962
Reserved GDT blocks at 40963-41218
Block bitmap at 41219 (+258), Inode bitmap at 41220 (+259)
Inode table at 41221-41471 (+260)
7681 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 41472-49152
Free inodes: 10041-12048
Group 6: (Blocks 49153-57344)
Block bitmap at 49153 (+0), Inode bitmap at 49154 (+1)
Inode table at 49155-49405 (+2)
7939 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 49406-57344
Free inodes: 12049-14056
Group 7: (Blocks 57345-65536)
Backup superblock at 57345, Group descriptors at 57346-57346
Reserved GDT blocks at 57347-57602
Block bitmap at 57603 (+258), Inode bitmap at 57604 (+259)
Inode table at 57605-57855 (+260)
7681 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 57856-65536
Free inodes: 14057-16064
Group 8: (Blocks 65537-73728)
Block bitmap at 65537 (+0), Inode bitmap at 65538 (+1)
Inode table at 65539-65789 (+2)
7939 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 65790-73728
Free inodes: 16065-18072
Group 9: (Blocks 73729-81920)
Backup superblock at 73729, Group descriptors at 73730-73730
Reserved GDT blocks at 73731-73986
Block bitmap at 73987 (+258), Inode bitmap at 73988 (+259)
Inode table at 73989-74239 (+260)
7462 free blocks, 1991 free inodes, 1 directories
Free blocks: 74240-75776, 75778-76288, 76393-76800, 76809-77312, 77321-77824, 77832-78336, 78380-78848, 78857-79360, 79368-79872, 79883-80384, 80392-80896, 80904-81408, 81418-81920
Free inodes: 18090-20080
Group 10: (Blocks 81921-90112)
Block bitmap at 81921 (+0), Inode bitmap at 81922 (+1)
Inode table at 81923-82173 (+2)
7939 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 82174-90112
Free inodes: 20081-22088
Group 11: (Blocks 90113-98304)
Block bitmap at 90113 (+0), Inode bitmap at 90114 (+1)
Inode table at 90115-90365 (+2)
7939 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 90366-98304
Free inodes: 22089-24096
Group 12: (Blocks 98305-104387)
Block bitmap at 98305 (+0), Inode bitmap at 98306 (+1)
Inode table at 98307-98557 (+2)
5830 free blocks, 2008 free inodes, 0 directories
Free blocks: 98558-104387
Free inodes: 24097-26104
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