分类： Oracle
2007-08-03 23:37:55
环境：
os: centos4.4
oracle: oracle10gR1(安装软件为10201_database_linux32.zip,暂未升级到R2，不影响下面的配置)
primary: 192.168.0.5 (主机名RAC1)
standby: 192.168.0.7(主机名RAC3)
1) 配好双机的(含rac1,rac3)的profile .
# .sh_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
#if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
# . ~/.bashrc
#fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
#export BASH_ENV=$HOME/.bashrc
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin:$PATH:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
PATH=$PATH:/sbin:/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin:$oracle_home/jre/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:/usr/local/bin:
export PATH
unset USERNAME
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=rac
TNS_ADMIN=/home/Oracle/config/10.2.0; export TNS_ADMIN
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; export NLS_LANG
#ORA_NLS33=$Oracle_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data; export ORA_NLS33
CLASSPATH=$Oracle_HOME/JRE:$Oracle_HOME/jlib:$Oracle_HOME/rdbms/jlib:/opt/j2sdk_nb/j2sdk1.4.2/bin
export CLASSPATH
TMPDIR=/tmp;export TMPDIR
umask 022
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
#export LD_PRELOAD=/home/oracle/libcwait.so;
LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.6.9; export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
#NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese_china".ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.GB2312
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; export NLS_LANG
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
LANG=
LC_ALL=
DISPLAY=192.168.0.3:0.0;export DISPLAY;
export PS1="\u@\H $"
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/sh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
2) 检查所需软件
在每个节点上执行相同的操作：
执行下面的命令： rpm -q binutils compat-db control-center gcc gcc-c++ glibc gnome-libs libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make openmotif21
缺少的包请安装。
3) 配置内核参数
在每个节点上执行相同的操作：
编辑/etc/sysctl.conf 文件，添加下面的内容：
#For Oracle
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.core.rmem_default = 1048576
net.core.rmem_max = 1048576
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144
然后执行：
sysctl –p 或重起系统
4) 设置 Shell 对 Oracle 用户的限制
在每个节点上执行相同的操作：
编辑 /etc/security/limits.conf，添加如下内容：
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
编辑/etc/pam.d/login，添加如下内容：
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
5）在主库（rac1）上安装10gr1 软件，不装数据库
将product, oraInventory目录打包传到辅的(rac3)的oracle_home目录下（即/home/oracle）并在rac3上解开。
6）在主库（rac1）上通过dbca创建数据库，选用默认配置。
Sid和profile里指定的一样，为rac
7) 关闭主库，将/home/oracle/oradata/rac/下的文件copy到 rac3上的相同位置。
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 1218292 bytes
Variable Size 67111180 bytes
Database Buffers 92274688 bytes
Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 0
Next log sequence to archive 1
Current log sequence
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/oradata/rac/archive';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_format='log_%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
-----------------------------
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/oradata/rac/archive
Oldest online log sequence 0
Next log sequence to archive 1
Current log sequence 1
创建standby控制文件
SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/standby.ctl' ;
Database altered.
将standby.ctl传到 rac3 的 /home/oracle/oradata/rac/ 下
配置主库的listener.ora tnsnames.ora
oracle@rac1 $cat listener.ora
LISTENER_RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.5)(PORT = 1521))
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER_RAC1 =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = rac)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = rac)
)
)
rac1,rac3的tnsnames.ora皆为
RAC3 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.7)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
)
)
RAC1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.5)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = rac)
)
)
辅库的listener.ora
oracle@rac3 $vi listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = rac)
(ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = rac)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rac3)(PORT = 1521))
)
如果觉得手工编辑上述文件容易出错，建议用netca创建。
启动主库的istener
oracle@rac1 $lsnrctl start
-----------------------------------
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rac1)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
启动辅库的istener
oracle@rac3 $lsnrctl start
----------------------------------
Instance "rac", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
用tnsping检查tns配置
oracle@rac3 $tnsping rac1
oracle@rac3 $tnsping rac3
oracle@rac1 $tnsping rac1
oracle@rac1 $tnsping rac3
在主库rac1上创建pfile并将其传到辅库rac3上相应位置$oracle_home/dbs 。
oracle@rac1 $sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/initrac.ora' from spfile;
File created.
将rac1上的/home/oracle/initrac.ora ftp 传到辅库rac3上相应位置$oracle_home/dbs
在rac3上修改刚传来的initrac.ora文件
oracle@rac3 $more initrac.ora
rac.__db_cache_size=92274688
rac.__java_pool_size=4194304
rac.__large_pool_size=4194304
rac.__shared_pool_size=58720256
rac.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/home/oracle/admin/rac/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/rac/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/home/oracle/oradata/rac/standby.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/rac/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='rac'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=racXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/home/oracle/oradata/rac/archive'
*.log_archive_format='log_%t_%s_%r.arc'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=16777216
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=167772160
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/home/oracle/admin/rac/udump'
*.STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST='/home/oracle/oradata/rac/standbyarchive'
*.fal_server='rac1'
*.fal_client='rac3'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/home/oracle/oradata/rac/','/home/oracle/oradata/rac/'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/home/oracle/oradata/rac/archivelog','/home/oracle/oradata/rac/archivelog'
其中/home/oracle/oradata/rac/standbyarchive需要新建
将主库上的口令文件orapwrac传到辅库rac3上的对应位置。
将辅库rac3启动
oracle@rac3 $sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
在主库上设置到辅库rac3上的归档路径
oracle@rac1 $sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=rac3 mandatory reopen=60';
System altered.
定义了主库向副库传输日志
# 定义归档到备用库，强制归档，重试时间60秒。
# 如果定义为可选状态(optional)，那么在归档失败后不会再次尝试归档的。定义
# 为madatory状态后，如果本次归档失败，则在归档下一个日志时会再次尝试
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARCHIV STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
1 1 0 52428800 1 YES UNUSED
2 1 0 52428800 1 YES UNUSED 0
3 1 1 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 446075 2007-06-28 13:41:10
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARCHIV STATUS IRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
-------------------------------- ------------- -------------------
1 1 2 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 457776 2007-06-29 23:47:06
2 1 0 52428800 1 YES UNUSED 0
3 1 1 52428800 1 NO ACTIVE 446075 2007-06-28 13:41:10
察看辅库上alert日志
oracle@rac3 $tail -f alert_rac.log
Mon Jul 9 18:50:51 2007
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
Mon Jul 9 18:50:51 2007
Clearing online redo logfile 3 complete
Media Recovery Log /home/oracle/oradata/rac/standbyarchive/log_1_1_626449270.arc
Media Recovery Log /home/oracle/oradata/rac/standbyarchive/log_1_2_626449270.arc
Media Recovery Log /home/oracle/oradata/rac/standbyarchive/log_1_3_626449270.arc
Media Recovery Log /home/oracle/oradata/rac/standbyarchive/log_1_4_626449270.arc
Media Recovery Log /home/oracle/oradata/rac/standbyarchive/log_1_5_626449270.arc
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 6
Mon Jul 9 18:54:03 2007
Redo Shipping Client Connected as PUBLIC
-- Connected User is Valid
RFS[1]: Assigned to RFS process 3025
RFS[1]: Identified database type as 'physical standby'
Mon Jul 9 18:54:03 2007
RFS LogMiner: Client disabled from further notification
