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分类: Mysql/postgreSQL

2011-03-23 22:16:15

原文 http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u/20754/showart_362807.html
这个作者 很不错!
PostgreSQL 在后台运行的是一个叫做 postmaster 的程序,缺省的 TCP/IP 端口为 5432。
在客户端可以有很多工具连接到服务器上操作数据,对于一个 Unix 下的系统管理员而言,熟练掌握 psql 环境下的数据操作是十分需要的。

在启动 psql 之前,当然要求 psql 在你的 PATH 路径上,所以我们需要指定:

$ export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/pgsql/bin

然后我们就可以进入了:

[user@host user]$ psql testdb
Welcome to psql, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.

Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help on internal slash commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit

testdb=#

记住在 psql 后面必须跟上数据库名字,不像 mysql ,可以用 use 命令来切换数据库。

所有的 psql 相关的命令都必须以 \ 开头,如果不知道某个命令的用法,可以用 \? 来找到帮助。

\g 为执行查询语句
\q 为退出 psql 环境
\h 为帮助

booktown=# \?
\a toggle between unaligned and aligned mode
\c[onnect] [dbname|- [user]]
connect to new database (currently 'booktown')
\C table title</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client machine</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\d <table> describe table (or view, index, sequence)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\d{t|i|s|v} list tables/indices/sequences/views</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\d{p|S|l} list permissions/system tables/lobjects</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\da list aggregates</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\dd [object] list comment for table, type, function, or operator</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\df list functions</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\do list operators</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\dT list data types</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\e [file] edit the current query buffer or [file] with external editor</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\echo <text> write text to stdout</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\encoding <encoding> set client encoding</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\f <sep> change field separator</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\g [file] send query to backend (and results in [file] or |pipe)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\h [cmd] help on syntax of sql commands, * for all commands</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\H toggle HTML mode (currently off)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\i <file> read and execute queries from <file></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\l list all databases</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\lo_export, \lo_import, \lo_list, \lo_unlink</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">large object operations</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\o [file] send all query results to [file], or |pipe</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\p show the content of the current query buffer</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\pset <opt> set table output <opt> = {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">null|recordsep|tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager}</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\q quit psql</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\qecho <text> write text to query output stream (see \o)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\r reset (clear) the query buffer</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\s [file] print history or save it in [file]</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\set <var> <value> set internal variable</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\t show only rows (currently off)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\T <tags> HTML table tags</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\unset <var> unset (delete) internal variable</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\w <file> write current query buffer to a <file></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\x toggle expanded output (currently off)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\z list table access permissions</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\! [cmd] shell escape or command</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">因此,综合上面的说明,我们可以知道:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\dt 命令是显示表</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\di 显示索引</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\ds 显示序列</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\dv 显示视图</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\dp 显示权限</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\dS 显示系统表</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\dl 显示 lobjects</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\d tablename 显示表的结构/索引/序列</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\d indexname 显示索引的详细信息</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">执行过的查询语句可以用 \s \i 分别存盘和调入。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">psql 中 SQL 语句的输入和 MySQL 类似,一直到分号才结束,但是不同的是,在分号结束前的换行,在 MySQL 里面是 > 符号,而在 psql 里是 -# 符号。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">缓冲区的管理</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">在编辑查询语句缓冲之前,最好设定好你最熟悉的编辑器,例如 vi 的话:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">$ set EDITOR='vi'</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">$ export EDITOR</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">\e 命令就可以进入编辑,用上你熟悉的 vi 指令来编辑了。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">值得一提的是 PostgreSQL 具有子查询和视图等概念,而 MySQL 到现在还没有。</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">子查询的例子:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown=# SELECT title FROM books</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown-# WHERE author_id = (SELECT id FROM authors</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown(# WHERE last_name='Geisel'</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown(# AND first_name='Theodor Seuss');</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">视图的例子:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">CREATE VIEW recent_shipments</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown-# AS SELECT count(*) AS num_shipped, max(ship_date), title</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown-# FROM shipments</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown-# JOIN editions USING (isbn)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown-# NATURAL JOIN books AS b (book_id)</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown-# GROUP BY b.title</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">booktown-# ORDER BY num_shipped DESC;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; "><br style="font: normal normal normal 12px/normal song, Verdana; "></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-family: song, Verdana; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; ">从普通的 SQL 语句而言,应该说 PostgreSQL 和 MySQL 是很相似的。因此,PostgreSQL 在一个企业级的应用中,应该比 MySQL 更加具有优势。</span></div></div> </div> <!-- <div class="Blog_con3_1">管理员在2009年8月13日编辑了该文章文章。</div> --> <div class="Blog_con2_1 Blog_con3_2"> <div> <!--<img src="/image/default/tu_8.png">--> <!-- JiaThis Button BEGIN --> <div class="bdsharebuttonbox"><A class=bds_more href="#" data-cmd="more"></A><A class=bds_qzone title=分享到QQ空间 href="#" data-cmd="qzone"></A><A class=bds_tsina title=分享到新浪微博 href="#" data-cmd="tsina"></A><A class=bds_tqq title=分享到腾讯微博 href="#" data-cmd="tqq"></A><A class=bds_renren title=分享到人人网 href="#" data-cmd="renren"></A><A class=bds_weixin title=分享到微信 href="#" data-cmd="weixin"></A></div> <script>window._bd_share_config={"common":{"bdSnsKey":{},"bdText":"","bdMini":"2","bdMiniList":false,"bdPic":"","bdStyle":"0","bdSize":"16"},"share":{}};with(document)0[(getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||body).appendChild(createElement('script')).src='http://bdimg.share.baidu.com/static/api/js/share.js?v=89860593.js?cdnversion='+~(-new Date()/36e5)];</script> <!-- JiaThis Button END --> </div> 阅读(907) | 评论(0) | 转发(0) | <div class="HT_line3"></div> </div> <div class="Blog_con3_3"> <div><span id='digg_num'>0</span><a href="javascript:void(0)" id='digg' bid='186362' url='/blog/digg.html' ></a></div> <p>上一篇:<a href="/uid-11687412-id-186338.html">PostgreSQL 安装</a></p> <p>下一篇:<a href="/uid-11687412-id-202682.html">OpenQRM 安装介绍</a></p> </div> </div> <!-- <div class="Blog_con3_4 Blog_con3_5"> <div class="Blog_tit2 Blog_tit7">热门推荐</div> <ul> <li><a href="" title="" target='blank' ></a></li> </ul> </div> --> </div> </div> <div class="Blog_right1_7" id='replyList'> <div class="Blog_tit3">给主人留下些什么吧!~~</div> <!--暂无内容--> <!-- 评论分页--> <div class="Blog_right1_6 Blog_right1_12"> </div> <!-- 评论分页--> <div class="Blog_right1_10" style="display:none"> <div class="Blog_tit3">评论热议</div> <!--未登录 --> <div class="Blog_right1_8"> <div class="nologin_con1"> 请登录后评论。 <p><a href="http://account.chinaunix.net/login" onclick="link(this)">登录</a> <a href="http://account.chinaunix.net/register?url=http%3a%2f%2fblog.chinaunix.net">注册</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div style="text-align:center;margin-top:10px;"> <script type="text/javascript" smua="d=p&s=b&u=u3118759&w=960&h=90" src="//www.nkscdn.com/smu0/o.js"></script> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type='hidden' id='report_url' value='/blog/ViewReport.html' /> <script type="text/javascript"> //测试字符串的长度 一个汉字算2个字节 function mb_strlen(str) { var len=str.length; var totalCount=0; for(var i=0;i<len;i++) { var c = str.charCodeAt(i); if ((c >= 0x0001 && c <= 0x007e) || (0xff60<=c && c<=0xff9f)) { totalCount++; }else{ totalCount+=2; } } return totalCount; } /* var Util = {}; Util.calWbText = function (text, max){ if(max === undefined) max = 500; var cLen=0; var matcher = text.match(/[^\x00-\xff]/g), wlen = (matcher && matcher.length) || 0; //匹配url链接正则 http://*** var pattern = /http:\/\/([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]+(\/*[\w-\.\/\?%&=][^\s^\u4e00-\u9fa5]*)?/gi; //匹配的数据存入数组 var arrPt = new Array(); var i = 0; while((result = pattern.exec(text)) != null){ arrPt[i] = result[0]; i++; } //替换掉原文本中的链接 for(var j = 0;j<arrPt.length;j++){ text = text.replace(arrPt[j],""); } //减掉链接所占的长度 return Math.floor((max*2 - text.length - wlen)/2 - 12*i); }; */ var allowComment = '0'; //举报弹出层 function showJuBao(url, cid){ $.cover(false); asyncbox.open({ id : 'report_thickbox', url : url, title : '举报违规', width : 378, height : 240, scroll : 'no', data : { 'cid' : cid, 'idtype' : 2 , 'blogurl' : window.location.href }, callback : function(action){ if(action == 'close'){ $.cover(false); } } }); } $(function(){ //创建管理员删除的弹出层 $('#admin_article_del').click(function(){ $.cover(false); asyncbox.open({ id : 'class_thickbox', html : '<div class="HT_layer3_1"><ul><li class="HT_li1">操作原因:<select class="HT_sel7" id="del_type" name="del_type"><option value="广告文章">广告文章</option><option value="违规内容">违规内容</option><option value="标题不明">标题不明</option><option value="文不对题">文不对题</option></select></li><li class="HT_li1" ><input class="HT_btn4" id="admin_delete" type="button" /></li></ul></div>', title : '选择类型', width : 300, height : 150, scroll : 'no', callback : function(action){ if(action == 'close'){ $.cover(false); } } }); }); $('#admin_delete').live('click' , function(){ ///blog/logicdel/id/3480184/url/%252Fblog%252Findex.html.html var type = $('#del_type').val(); var url = '/blog/logicdel/id/186362/url/%252Fuid%252F11687412.html.html'; window.location.href= url + '?type=' + type; }); //顶 js中暂未添加&过滤 $('#digg').live('click' , function(){ if(isOnLine == '' ) { //showErrorMsg('登录之后才能进行此操作' , '消息提示'); showErrorMsg('操作失败,您需要先登录!', '消息提示', 'http://account.chinaunix.net/login'); return false; } var bid = $('#digg').attr('bid'); var url = $('#digg').attr('url'); var digg_str = $.cookie('digg_id'); if(digg_str != null) { var arr= new Array(); //定义一数组 arr = digg_str.split(","); //字符分割 for( i=0 ; i < arr.length ; i++ ) { if(bid == arr[i]) { showErrorMsg('已经赞过该文章', '消息提示'); return false; } } } $.ajax({ type:"POST", url:url, data: { 'bid' : bid }, dataType: 'json', success:function(msg){ if(msg.error == 0) { var num = parseInt($('#digg_num').html(),10); num += 1; $('#digg_num').html(num); $('#digg').die(); if(digg_str == null) { $.cookie('digg_id', bid, {expires: 30 , path: '/'}); } else { $.cookie('digg_id', digg_str + ',' + bid, {expires: 30 , path: '/'}); } showSucceedMsg('谢谢' , '消息提示'); } else if(msg.error == 1) { //showErrorMsg(msg.error_content , '消息提示'); showErrorMsg('操作失败,您需要先登录!', '消息提示', 'http://account.chinaunix.net/login'); } else if(msg.error == 2) { showErrorMsg(msg.error_content , '消息提示'); } } }); }); //举报弹出层 /*$('.box_report').live('click' , function(){ if(isOnLine == '' ) { //showErrorMsg('登录之后才能进行此操作' , '消息提示'); showErrorMsg('操作失败,您需要先登录!', '消息提示', 'http://account.chinaunix.net/login'); return false; } var url = $('#report_url').val(); var cid = $(this).attr('cid'); $.cover(false); asyncbox.open({ id : 'report_thickbox', url : url, title : '举报违规', width : 378, height : 240, scroll : 'no', data : { 'cid' : cid, 'idtype' : 2 }, callback : function(action){ if(action == 'close'){ $.cover(false); } } }); });*/ //评论相关代码 //点击回复显示评论框 $('.Blog_a10').live('click' , function(){ if(isOnLine == '' ) { //showErrorMsg('登录之后才能进行此操作' , '消息提示'); showErrorMsg('操作失败,您需要先登录!', '消息提示', 'http://account.chinaunix.net/login'); return false; } if(allowComment == 1) { showErrorMsg('该博文不允许评论' , '消息提示'); return false; } var tid = $(this).attr('toid');//留言作者id var bid = $(this).attr('bid');//blogid var cid = $(this).attr('cid');//留言id var tname = $(this).attr('tname'); var tpl = '<div class="Blog_right1_9">'; tpl += '<div class="div2">'; tpl += '<textarea name="" cols="" rows="" class="Blog_ar1_1" id="rmsg">文明上网,理性发言...</textarea>'; tpl += '</div>'; tpl += '<div class="div3">'; tpl += '<div class="div3_2"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="Blog_a11" id="quota_sbumit" url="/Comment/PostComment.html" tid="'+tid+'" bid="'+bid+'" cid="'+cid+'" tname="'+tname+'" ></a><a href="javascript:void(0)" id="qx_comment" class="Blog_a12"></a></div>'; tpl += '<div class="div3_1"><a href="javascript:void(0);" id="mface"><span></span>表情</a></div>'; tpl += '<div class="clear"></div>'; tpl += '</div>'; tpl += '</div>'; $('.z_move_comment').html(''); $(this).parents('.Blog_right1_8').find('.z_move_comment').html(tpl).show(); }); //引用的评论提交 $('#quota_sbumit').live('click' , function(){ if(isOnLine == '' ) { //showErrorMsg('登录之后才能进行此操作' , '消息提示'); showErrorMsg('操作失败,您需要先登录!', '消息提示', 'http://account.chinaunix.net/login'); return false; } var bid = $(this).attr('bid'); var tid = $(this).attr('tid');//被引用人的id var qid = $(this).attr('cid');//引用的id var url = $(this).attr('url'); var text = $('#rmsg').val(); var tname = $(this).attr('tname'); if(text == '' || text=='文明上网,理性发言...') { showErrorMsg('评论内容不能为空!' , '消息提示'); return false; } else { if(mb_strlen(text) > 1000){ showErrorMsg('评论内容不能超过500个汉字' , '消息提示'); return false; } } $.ajax({ type: "post", url: url , data: {'bid': bid , 'to' : tid , 'qid' : qid , 'text': text , 'tname' : tname }, dataType: 'json', success: function(data){ if(data.code == 1){ var tpl = '<div class="Blog_right1_8">'; tpl+= '<div class="Blog_right_img1"><a href="' +data.info.url+ '" >' + data.info.header + '</a></div>'; tpl+= '<div class="Blog_right_font1">'; tpl+= '<p class="Blog_p5"><span><a href="' +data.info.url+ '" >' + data.info.username + '</a></span>' + data.info.dateline + '</p>'; tpl+= '<p class="Blog_p7"><a href="' + data.info.quota.url + '">' + data.info.quota.username + '</a>:'+ data.info.quota.content + '</p>'; tpl+= '<p class="Blog_p8">' + data.info.content + '</p><span class="span_text1"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="Blog_a10" toid=' + data.info.fuid + ' bid=' + data.info.bid + ' cid=' + data.info.cid + ' tname = ' + data.info.username + ' >回复</a> |  <a class="comment_del_mark" style="cursor:pointer" url="' + data.info.delurl + '" >删除</a> |  <a href="javascript:showJuBao(\'/blog/ViewReport.html\','+data.info.cid+')" class="box_report" cid="' + data.info.cid + '" >举报</a></span></div>'; tpl+= '<div class="z_move_comment" style="display:none"></div>'; tpl+= '<div class="Blog_line1"></div></div>'; $('#replyList .Blog_right1_8:first').before(tpl); $('.z_move_comment').html('').hide(); } else if(data.code == -1){ //showErrorMsg(data.info , '消息提示'); showErrorMsg('操作失败,您需要先登录!', '消息提示', 'http://account.chinaunix.net/login'); } }, error: function(){//请求出错处理 } }); }); //底部发表评论 $('#submitmsg').click(function(){ if(allowComment == 1) { showErrorMsg('该博文不允许评论' , '消息提示'); return false; } var bid = $(this).attr('bid'); var toid = $(this).attr('toid'); var text = $('#reply').val(); var url = $(this).attr('url'); if(text == '' || text=='文明上网,理性发言...') { showErrorMsg('评论内容不能为空!' , '消息提示'); return false; } else { if(mb_strlen(text) > 1000){ showErrorMsg('评论内容不能超过500个汉字' , '消息提示'); return false; } } $.ajax({ type: "post", url: url , data: {'bid': bid , 'to' : toid ,'text': text}, dataType: 'json', success: function(data){ if(data.code == 1) { var tpl = '<div class="Blog_right1_8">'; tpl += '<div class="Blog_right_img1"><a href="' +data.info.url+ '" >' + data.info.header + '</a></div>'; tpl += '<div class="Blog_right_font1">'; tpl += '<p class="Blog_p5"><span><a href="' +data.info.url+ '" >' + data.info.username + '</a></span>' + data.info.dateline + '</p>'; tpl += '<p class="Blog_p6">' + data.info.content + '</p>'; tpl += '<div class="div1"><a href="javascript:void(0);" class="Blog_a10" toid=' + data.info.fuid + ' bid=' + data.info.bid + ' cid=' + data.info.cid + '>回复</a> |  <a class="comment_del_mark" style="cursor:pointer" url="' + data.info.delurl + '">删除</a> |  <a href="javascript:showJuBao(\'/blog/ViewReport.html\','+data.info.cid+')" class="box_report" cid="' + data.info.cid + '">举报</a></div>'; tpl += '<div class="z_move_comment" style="display:none"></div>'; tpl += '</div><div class="Blog_line1"></div></div>'; $('.Blog_tit3:first').after(tpl); $('#reply').val('文明上网,理性发言...'); } else if(data.code == -1) { showErrorMsg(data.info , '消息提示'); } }, error: function(){//请求出错处理 } }); }); //底部评论重置 $('#reset_comment').click(function(){ $('#reply').val('文明上网,理性发言...'); }); //取消回复 $('#qx_comment').live('click' , function(){ $('.z_move_comment').html('').hide(); }); $('#rmsg, #reply').live({ focus:function(){ if($(this).val() == '文明上网,理性发言...'){ $(this).val(''); } }, blur:function(){ if($(this).val() == ''){ $(this).val('文明上网,理性发言...'); } } }); //删除留言确认 $('.comment_del_mark').live('click' , function(){ var url = $(this).attr('url'); asyncbox.confirm('删除留言','确认', function(action){ if(action == 'ok') { location.href = url; } }); }); //删除时间确认 $('.del_article_id').click(function(){ var delurl = $(this).attr('delurl'); asyncbox.confirm('删除文章','确认', function(action){ if(action == 'ok') { location.href = delurl; } }); }); /* //字数限制 $('#rmsg, #reply').live('keyup', function(){ var id = $(this).attr('id'); var left = Util.calWbText($(this).val(), 500); var eid = '#errmsg'; if(id == 'reply') eid = '#rerrmsg'; if (left >= 0) $(eid).html('您还可以输入<span>' + left + '</span>字'); else $(eid).html('<font color="red">您已超出<span>' + Math.abs(left) + '</span>字 </font>'); }); */ //加载表情 $('#face').qqFace({id : 'facebox1', assign : 'reply', path : '/image/qqface/'}); 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