$ SQLPLUS /nolog
CONNECT SYS/password AS SYSDBA
STARTUP
常见错误：
ORA-27100 shared memory realm already exists
Cause: An attempt was made to start duplicate instances, or tried to restart an instance that had not been properly shut down.
Action: Use a different instance name, or cleanup the failed instance's SGA.
WINDOWS环境下，查看service是否已经关闭，如果没有请先关闭service，之后再重启相应service。
参数文件的选用顺序：
如果不指定的話 先後順序：
spfileSID.ora
spfile.ora
initSID.ora
init.ora
指定文件：
sql>startup pfile=/.../pfiletestdb.ora
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