分类: 系统运维
2011-02-18 17:05:21
Network software and utilities can use 127.0.0.1 to access a local computer's TCP/IP network resources. Messages sent to loopback IP addresses like 127.0.0.1 do not reach outside to the but instead are automatically re-routed by the computer's own back to the receiving end of the TCP/IP stack.
Typically all IP addresses in the range 127.0.0.1 - 127.255.255.255 are reserved for private use, but 127.0.0.1 is by convention the loopback address in almost all cases.
转自:
localhost也叫local ,正确的解释是:本地服务器
127.0.0.1在windows等系统的正确解释是:本机地址(本机服务器)
localhot(local)是不经网卡传输!这点很重要,它不受网络防火墙和网卡相关的的限制。
127.0.0.1是通过网卡传输,依赖网卡,并受到网络防火墙和网卡相关的限制。
一般设置程序时本地服务用localhost是最好的,localhost不会解析成ip,也不会占用网卡、网络资源。
有时候用localhost可以,但用127.0.0.1就不可以的情况就是在于此。猜想localhost访问时,系统带的本机当前用户的权限去访问,而用ip的时候,等于本机是通过网络再去访问本机,可能涉及到网络用户的权限。
MySQL中的localhost和127.0.0.1
1. mysql -h 127.0.0.1 的时候,使用TCP/IP连接,
mysql server 认为该连接来自于127.0.0.1或者是"localhost.localdomain"
2. mysql -h localhost 的时候,是不使用TCP/IP连接的,而使用Unix socket;
此时,mysql server则认为该client是来自"localhost"
3. mysql权限管理中的"localhost"有特定含义:
—— MySQL手册 5.6.4 ..... A Host value may be a hostname or an IP number, or 'localhost' to indicate the local host.
注意:虽然两者连接方式有区别,但当localhost 为默认的127.0.0.1时,两种连接方式使用的权限记录都是以下的1.row的记录(因为记录在前,先被匹配)
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: root
......
*************************** 2. row ***************************
Host: 127.0.0.1
User: root
证明:
shell> mysql -h 127.0.0.1
mysql> status;
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.1.33-log Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: 127.0.0.1 via TCP/IP
shell> mysql -h locahost
mysql> status;
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.1.33-log Source distribution
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket