分类：
2010-05-02 23:47:11
在CentOS和Fedora Core的发行版中，采用了一种叫做yum得软件包综合管理工具，它的全称是Yellowdog Updater,Modified，这个工具并不是CentOS开发的，而是由Yellow Dog Linux开发的软件包综合管理工具。作为软件包综合管理工具除了yum外，还有DebianGNU/Linux所采用的APT和Red Hat Enterprise Linux等所采用的up2date（在RHEL5开始采用了YUM的软件包管理）。它们的共同特点是：通过网络安装和升级软件包;
自动解决软件包间的依存关系;这里请注意:Yum的软件包升级的软件包并非是最新
的软件，它是基于RPM软件包形式的软件，是CentOS（RHEL）确
认的安全稳定包。要安装最新的软件，最好采用编译安装的方式。定义yum的非官方库，在服务器构建的过程中，我们将要用到的一些工具不存在于CentOS
中yum的官方库中，所以需要定义yum的非官方库文件，让一些必需的工
具通过yum也能够安装。
[root@centos5 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/dag.repo
(此文件默认不存在，需要手工创建。建立dag.repo，定义非官方库)
[dag]
name=Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux
baseurl=
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
[root@centos5 ~]# rpm --import (导入非官方库的GPG)
[root@centos5 ~]# yum --help
usage: yum [options] < grouplist, localinstall, groupinfo,
localupdate, resolvedep, erase, deplist, groupremove, makecache,
upgrade, provides, shell, install, whatprovides, groupinstall, update, repolist, groupupdate, info, search, check-update,
list, remove, clean, grouperase >
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors
-C run entirely from cache, don't update cache
-c [config file] config file location
-R [minutes] maximum command wait time
-d [debug level] debugging output level
-e [error level] error output level
-q, --quiet quiet operation
-v, --verbose verbose operation
-y answer yes for all questions
--version show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path] set install root
--enablerepo=[repo] enable one or more repositories (wildcards
allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards
allowed)
-x [package], --exclude=[package]
exclude package(s) by name or glob
--disableexcludes=[repo]
disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
everything
--obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins disable Yum plugins
--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking
--disableplugin=[plugin]
disable plugins by name
[root@centos5 ~]# yum check-update (检查可用的更新包)
Deployment_Guide-en-US.noarch
5.2-11.el5.centos updates
Deployment_Guide-zh-CN.noarch 5.2-11.el5.centos
updates
Deployment_Guide-zh-TW.noarch 5.2-11.el5.centos
updates
avahi.i386 0.6.16-1.el5_2.1
updates
avahi-glib.i386 0.6.16-1.el5_2.1
updates
bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_
updates
bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_
updates
bluez-libs.i386 3.7-1.1
updates
bluez-utils.i386 3.7-2.2.el5.centos
updates
bzip2.i386 1.0.3-4.el5_2
updates
bzip2-libs.i386 1.0.3-4.el5_2
updates
cadaver.i386 0.22.5-1.el5.rf dag
cups.i386 1:1.2.4-11.18.el5_2.3 updates
cups-libs.i386 1:1.2.4-11.18.el5_2.3 updates
dbus.i386 1.0.0-7.el5_2.1
updates
dhcpv6-client.i386 1.0.10-4.el5_2.3
updates
dmraid.i386 1.0.0.rc13-15.el5_2.1 updates
ed.i386 0.2-39.el5_2
updates
freetype.i386 2.2.1-20.el5_2
updates
glibc.i686 2.5-24.el5_2.2
updates
glibc-common.i386 2.5-24.el5_2.2
updates
gnutls.i386 1.4.1-3.el5_2.1
updates
initscripts.i386 8.45.19.1.EL-1.el5.cen
updates
ipsec-tools.i386 0.6.5-9.el5_2.3
updates
kernel.i686 2.6.18-92.1.22.el5
updates
krb5-libs.i386 1.6.1-25.el5_2.2
updates
krb5-workstation.i386 1.6.1-25.el5_2.2
updates
lftp.i386 3.7.8-1.el5.rf dag
libtiff.i386 3.8.2-7.el5_2.2
updates
libxml2.i386 2.6.26-2.1.2.7
updates
libxml2-python.i386 2.6.26-2.1.2.7
updates
libxslt.i386 1.1.17-2.el5_2.2
updates
lvm2.i386 2.02.32-4.el5_2.1
updates
mtr.i386 2:0.75-1.el5.rf dag
nfs-utils.i386 1:1.0.9-35z.el5_2
updates
nscd.i386 2.5-24.el5_2.2
updates
nspr.i386 4.7.3-2.el5
updates
nss.i386 3.12.2.0-4.el5.centos updates
nss-tools.i386 3.12.2.0-4.el5.centos updates
nss_ldap.i386 253-13.el5_2.1
updates
openldap.i386 2.3.27-8.el5_2.4
updates
openssh.i386 4.3p2-26.el5_2.1
updates
openssh-clients.i386 4.3p2-26.el5_2.1
updates
openssh-server.i386 4.3p2-26.el5_2.1
updates
openssl.i686 0.9.8b-10.el5_2.1
updates
pam_krb5.i386 2.2.14-1.el5_2.1
updates
paps.i386 0.6.6-18.el5
updates
perl.i386 4:5.8.8-15.el5_2.1
updates
rsync.i386 3.0.5-1.el5.rf dag
scim.i386 1.4.4-41.el5
updates
scim-bridge.i386 0.4.5-8.el5
updates
scim-bridge-gtk.i386 0.4.5-8.el5
updates
scim-libs.i386 1.4.4-41.el5
updates
selinux-policy.noarch 2.4.6-137.1.el5
updates
selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 2.4.6-137.1.el5
updates
sos.noarch 1.7-9.2.el5_2.2
updates
syslinux.i386 3.73-1.el5.rf dag
tzdata.noarch 2008i-1.el5
updates
udftools.i386 1.0.0b3-3.el5.rf dag
vim-common.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
updates
vim-enhanced.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
updates
vim-minimal.i386 2:7.0.109-4.el5_2.4z
updates
yum.noarch 3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1
updates
[root@centos5 ~]# yum update
yum.noarch (升级)
Setting up Update Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum.noarch 0:3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: yum-fastestmirror for package: yum
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.10-9.el5.centos set to be
updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version
Repository Size
=============================================================================
Updating:
yum noarch 3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1
updates 58
2 k
Installing for dependencies:
yum-fastestmirror noarch 1.1.10-9.el5.centos
base 13 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Update 1 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 595 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
.
(1/2): yum-3.2.8-9.el5.ce 100% |=========================| 582 kB
00:23
(2/2): yum-fastestmirror- 100% |=========================| 13 kB
00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID
e8562897
Importing GPG key 0xE8562897 "CentOS-5 Key (CentOS 5 Official Signing
Key) <>" from
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : yum #########################
[1/3]
Installing: yum-fastestmirror #########################
[2/3]
Cleanup : yum #########################
[3/3]
Dependency Installed:
yum-fastestmirror.noarch 0:1.1.10-9.el5.centos
Updated: yum.noarch 0:3.2.8-9.el5.centos.2.1
Complete!
[root@centos5 ~]# yum install bind
(安装)
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Determining fastest mirrors
* base:
* updates:
* addons:
* extras:
Setting up Install Process
Parsing package install arguments
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be updated
--> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 for
package: bind
--> Running transaction check
--> Processing Dependency: bind-libs = 30:9.3.4-6.P1.el5 for package:
bind-utils
---> Package bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be updated
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be
updated
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version
Repository Size
=============================================================================
Installing:
bind i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
updates 959 k
Updating:
bind-libs i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
updates 846 k
Updating for dependencies:
bind-utils i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
updates 166 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Update 2 Package(s)
Remove 0 Package(s)
Total download size: 1.9 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): bind-libs-9.3.4-6. 100% |=========================| 846 kB
00:41
(2/3): bind-9.3.4-6.0.3.P 100% |=========================| 959 kB
00:18
(3/3): bind-utils-9.3.4-6 100% |=========================| 166 kB
00:06
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : bind-libs #########################
[1/5]
Updating : bind-utils #########################
[2/5]
Installing: bind #########################
[3/5]
Cleanup : bind-utils #########################
[4/5]
Cleanup : bind-libs #########################
[5/5]
Installed: bind.i386
30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Updated: bind-libs.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Dependency Updated: bind-utils.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Complete!
[root@centos5 ~]# yum remove bind (卸载)
Loading "fastestmirror" plugin
Setting up Remove Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base:
* updates:
* addons:
* extras:
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package bind.i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2 set to be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================
Package Arch Version
Repository Size
=============================================================================
Removing:
bind i386 30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
installed 2
.1 M
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================
Install 0 Package(s)
Update 0 Package(s)
Remove 1 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Finished Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Erasing : bind #########################
[1/1]
Removed: bind.i386
30:9.3.4-6.0.3.P1.el5_2
Complete!
[root@centos5 ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf (代理服务器设置)
proxy=http:// 服务器IP:端口 ← 最后一行添加
[root@centos5 ~]#
/etc/rc.d/init.d/yum-updatesd stop (关闭自动更新)
[root@centos5 ~]# chkconfig yum-updatesd off
如果系统存在的一些软件包有版本的依存问题，那么我们不能够，也不会轻易的升级它 们（除非你做过完善的测试工作）。我们可以告诉yum在
更新时不更新谁。
[root@centos5 ~]# vi /etc/yum.conf ←编辑yum设置文件
# 在文件的最后追加
exclude=openssh* ←这里是不更新openssh相关的设置
exclude=httpd ←不更新httpd
其他的选项和说明
check-update 显示可升级的软件包
clean 删除下载后的旧的header。和clean all相同
clean oldheaders 删除旧的headers
clean packages 删除下载后的软件包
info 显示可用软件包信息
info 软件包名 显示指定软件包信息
install 软件包名 安装指定软件包
