ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Fri Aug 23 02:24:38 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

密码文件存在 orapworcl

使用sqlplus sys/oracle as sysdba登陆
SQL> show parameter password
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile            string      EXCLUSIVE


SQL> select * from v$pwfile_users;
USERNAME                       SYSDB SYSOP
------------------------------ ----- -----
SYS                            TRUE  TRUE

最后从论坛上找到一个帖子发现
[oracle@localhost ~]$ id 
uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall)

oracle没有在dba组，添加
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cat /etc/group | grep dba
dba:x:501:oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /  as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Fri Aug 23 02:53:31 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>