配置Oracle数据库和监听随Linux系统自启动

1.设置/etc/oratab
testdb2:/opt/oracle/product/9.2.0:Y
要把最后一个选项从N改为Y
 
2.测试dbstart和dbshut命令
dbstart和dbshut会检查/etc/oratab的设置，如果设置为Y,则执行启动或关闭，如果设置成N，则不做任何操作
测试方法：su - oracle
          dbstart or dbshut
 
我在测试过程中，报错，意思是找不到init文件，进入sqlplus创建一个init文件即可：
         sqlplus /nolog
          conn /as sysdba
         create pfile from spfile;
 
再次测试则成功
 
3.创建操作系统启动和关闭时调用的文件
 
3.1)修改/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle文件
              su - root
要在开机关机时自动启动和关闭数据库的话，需要修改 Linux 的启动脚本文件，这里要创建/etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle文件，这个文件的脚本会调用 dbshut 及 dbstart，内容如下：
 

# !/bin/sh
#
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
# 解说∶启动及停止 Oracle 数据库和监听程序
# 检查如何执行脚本文件
case "$1" in
  start)
        echo -n "Starting Oracle Databases: "
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +"! %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - oracle -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        echo -n "Starting Oracle Listeners: "
        su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        echo ""
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
        ;;
  stop)
        echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Listeners: "
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +"! %T %a %D : Shutting Down Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - oracle -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
        echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Databases: "
        su - oracle -c dbshut >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        echo ""
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        ;;
  restart)
        echo -n "Restarting Oracle Databases: "
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +"! %T %a %D : Restarting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - oracle -c dbshut >> /var/log/oracle
        su - oracle -c dbstart >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        echo -n "Restarting Oracle Listeners: "
        su - oracle -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
        su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start" >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "Done."
        echo ""
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        date +"! %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
        echo "----------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
        touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
        ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage: oracle {start|stop|restart}"
        exit 1
esac

编辑完这个文件后，要将其改为可执行
chmod +x oracle
chmod 777 oracle
然后测试一下，保证该脚本可以正常执行
cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
./oracle start
./oracle stop
./oracle restart
 
3.2)在相应的runlevel目录里建立符号连接
要在正确的执行等级目录 (runlevel ctories) /etc/rc.d/rcX.d 中建立及删除符号连结 (symbolic links)。 
 
以下指令确保在执行等级 2, 3 及 5 下会启动数据库,级别4没有使用，所以不管。∶ 
  ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99oracle
  ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99oracle
  ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99oracle
要在重新启动时停止数据库，我们需要以下连结∶ 
  ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K01oracle
  ln -s /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle /etc/rc.d/rc6.d/K01oracle

3.2)修改dbshut文件
 
因为dbshut命令默认是用shutdown normal方式关闭数据库，但实际情况下这种方式很难关掉数据库，因此需要更改dbshut脚本，将其中的shutdown命令改为 shutdown immediate
 
su - oracle
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
vi dbshut

附录：另外一种写法

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#!/bin/bash
##############################################################
# Script. Function: Auto start oracle instance and listener. #
# Script. Name:       oracle                                     #
# Author:            Secooler Hou                                #
# Date:              2009-11-13 19:58:49                         #
##############################################################
case "$1" in
start)
echo "Starting Oracle Database..."
su - oracle -c "dbstart"
echo "Done."
echo "Starting Oracle Listener..."
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"
echo "Done."
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
stop)
echo "Shutting down Oracle Listener..."
su - oracle -c "lsnrctl stop" >> /var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
echo "Shutting down Oracle Database..."
su - oracle -c "dbshut"
echo "Done."
echo ""
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
exit 1
esac