Linux内核和用户空间通信的方式（一）— proc文件和mmap共享内存

之所以想写这篇文章，是有两个方面原因。其一是内核版有一个关于《内核可以从线性地址直接计算物理地址，用来做什么呢？》的讨论，偶说计算出物理地址可以共享给用户空间读写。dreamice兄说能否说一下详细的应用。其二是alb*版主提到wheelz曾经写过这样一个例程，拜读了一把，发现在传递物理地址和内存大小上，wheelz的例程还有些不够灵活。alb*版主提到可以通过文件的方式实现动态的传递。

因此，本人也写了这样一个例程，可以动态的将内核空间的物理地址和大小传给用户空间。本文也演示了内核空间和用户空间进行通信可以使用的两种常用方法：proc文件系统和mmap共享内存。

本文欢迎自由转载，但请标明作者，并保证本文的完整性。

整个内核模块，在模块插入时建立proc文件，分配内存。卸载模块的时候将用户空间写入的内容打印出来。
以下是内核模块的代码和用户空间的测试代码。

/*This program is used to allocate memory in kernel
and pass the physical address to userspace through proc file.*/

#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>

#define PROC_MEMSHARE_DIR "memshare"
#define PROC_MEMSHARE_PHYADDR "phymem_addr"
#define PROC_MEMSHARE_SIZE "phymem_size"

/*alloc one page. 4096 bytes*/
#define PAGE_ORDER 0
/*this value can get from PAGE_ORDER*/
#define PAGES_NUMBER 1

struct proc_dir_entry *proc_memshare_dir ;
unsigned long kernel_memaddr = 0;
unsigned long kernel_memsize= 0;

static int proc_read_phymem_addr(char *page, char **start, off_t off, int count)
{
        return sprintf(page, "%08lx\n", __pa(kernel_memaddr));
}
static int proc_read_phymem_size(char *page, char **start, off_t off, int count)
{
        return sprintf(page, "%lu\n", kernel_memsize);
}

static int __init init(void)
{
        /*build proc dir "memshare"and two proc files: phymem_addr, phymem_size in the dir*/
        proc_memshare_dir = proc_mkdir(PROC_MEMSHARE_DIR, NULL);
        create_proc_info_entry(PROC_MEMSHARE_PHYADDR, 0, proc_memshare_dir, proc_read_phymem_addr);
        create_proc_info_entry(PROC_MEMSHARE_SIZE, 0, proc_memshare_dir, proc_read_phymem_size);

        /*alloc one page*/
        kernel_memaddr =__get_free_pages(GFP_KERNEL, PAGE_ORDER);
        if(!kernel_memaddr)
        {
                printk("Allocate memory failure!\n");
        }
        else
        {
                SetPageReserved(virt_to_page(kernel_memaddr));
                kernel_memsize = PAGES_NUMBER * PAGE_SIZE;
                printk("Allocate memory success!. The phy mem addr=%08lx, size=%lu\n", __pa(kernel_memaddr), kernel_memsize);
        }
        return 0;
}

static void __exit fini(void)
{
        printk("The content written by user is: %s\n", (unsigned char *) kernel_memaddr);
        ClearPageReserved(virt_to_page(kernel_memaddr));
        free_pages(kernel_memaddr, PAGE_ORDER);
        remove_proc_entry(PROC_MEMSHARE_PHYADDR, proc_memshare_dir);
        remove_proc_entry(PROC_MEMSHARE_SIZE, proc_memshare_dir);
        remove_proc_entry(PROC_MEMSHARE_DIR, NULL);

        return;
}
module_init(init);
module_exit(fini);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Godbach ([email][e-mail][/email])");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Kernel memory share module.");

用户空间的测试代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
        if(argc != 2)
        {
                printf("Usage: %s string\n", argv[0]);
                return 0;
        }
        
        unsigned long phymem_addr, phymem_size;
        char *map_addr;
        char s[256];
        int fd;
        
        /*get the physical address of allocated memory in kernel*/
        fd = open("/proc/memshare/phymem_addr", O_RDONLY);
        if(fd < 0)
        {
                printf("cannot open file /proc/memshare/phymem_addr\n");
                return 0;
        }
        read(fd, s, sizeof(s));
        sscanf(s, "%lx", &phymem_addr);
        close(fd);

        /*get the size of allocated memory in kernel*/
        fd = open("/proc/memshare/phymem_size", O_RDONLY);
        if(fd < 0)
        {
                printf("cannot open file /proc/memshare/phymem_size\n");
                return 0;
        }
        read(fd, s, sizeof(s));
        sscanf(s, "%lu", &phymem_size);
        close(fd);
        
        printf("phymem_addr=%lx, phymem_size=%lu\n", phymem_addr, phymem_size);
        /*memory map*/
        int map_fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR);
        if(map_fd < 0)
        {
                printf("cannot open file /dev/mem\n");
                return 0;
        }
        
        map_addr = mmap(0, phymem_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, map_fd, phymem_addr);
        strcpy(map_addr, argv[1]);
        munmap(map_addr, phymem_size);
        close(map_fd);
        return 0;
        
}

测试的内核是2.6.25.以下是执行结果。

debian:/home/km/memshare# insmod memshare_kernel.ko
debian:/home/km/memshare# ./memshare_user 'hello,world!'
phymem_addr=e64e000, phymem_size=4096
debian:/home/km/memshare# cat /proc/memshare/phymem_addr
0e64e000
debian:/home/km/memshare# cat /proc/memshare/phymem_size
4096
debian:/home/km/memshare# rmmod memshare_kernel
debian:/home/km/memshare# tail /var/log/messages
Sep 27 18:14:24 debian kernel: [50527.567931] Allocate memory success!. The phy mem addr=0e64e000, size=4096
Sep 27 18:15:31 debian kernel: [50592.570986] The content written by user is: hello,world!

仓促之间，有些地方处理的还是比较简单。希望高手多多指正。需要了解这方面实现的可以参考一下，共同学习。