什么是JIT？
JIT是just in time,即时编译技术。使用该技术，能够加速java程序的执行速度。下面，就对该技术做个简单的讲解。
首先，我们大家都知道，通常javac将程序源代码编译，转换成java字节码，JVM通过解释字节码将其翻译成对应的机器指令，逐条读入，逐条解释翻译。很显然，经过解释执行，其执行速度必然会比可执行的二进制字节码程序慢。为了提高执行速度，引入了JIT技术。
在运行时JIT会把翻译过的机器码保存起来，已备下次使用，因此从理论上来说，采用该JIT技术可以，可以接近以前纯编译技术。下面我看看，JIT的工作过程。
JIT 编译过程
当JIT编译启用时（默认是启用的），JVM读入.class文件解释后，将其发给JIT编译器。JIT编译器将字节码编译成本机机器代码，下图展示了该过程。
通过上面的解释，我们了解了JIT的工作原理及过程，同样也发现了个问题，由于JIT对每条字节码都进行编译，造成了编译过程负担过重。为了避免这种情况，当前的JIT只对经常执行的字节码进行编译，如循环等。
需要说明的是，JIT并不总是奏效，不能期望JIT一定能够加速你代码执行的速度，更糟糕的是她有可能降低代码的执行速度。这取决于你的代码结构，当然很多情况下我们还是能够如愿以偿的。
如下：
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/**
* Gets the default toolkit.
*
* If a system property named "java.awt.headless" is set
* to true then the headless implementation
* of Toolkit is used.
*
* If there is no "java.awt.headless" or it is set to
* false and there is a system property named
* "awt.toolkit",
* that property is treated as the name of a class that is a subclass
* of Toolkit;
* otherwise the default platform-specific implementation of
* Toolkit is used.
*
* Also loads additional classes into the VM, using the property
* 'assistive_technologies' specified in the Sun reference
* implementation by a line in the 'accessibility.properties'
* file. The form is "assistive_technologies=..." where
* the "..." is a comma-separated list of assistive technology
* classes to load. Each class is loaded in the order given
* and a single instance of each is created using
* Class.forName(class).newInstance(). This is done just after
* the AWT toolkit is created. All errors are handled via an
* AWTError exception.
* @return the default toolkit.
* @exception AWTError if a toolkit could not be found, or
* if one could not be accessed or instantiated.
*/
public static synchronized Toolkit getDefaultToolkit() {
if (toolkit == null) {
try {
// We disable the JIT during toolkit initialization. This
// tends to touch lots of classes that aren't needed again
// later and therefore JITing is counter-productiive.
java.lang.Compiler.disable();
java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
new java.security.PrivilegedAction() {
public Object run() {
String nm = null;
Class cls = null;
try {
nm = System.getProperty("awt.toolkit", "sun.awt.X11.XToolkit");
try {
cls = Class.forName(nm);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
if (cl != null) {
try {
cls = cl.loadClass(nm);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ee) {
throw new AWTError("Toolkit not found: " + nm);
}
}
}
if (cls != null) {
toolkit = (Toolkit)cls.newInstance();
if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) {
toolkit = new HeadlessToolkit(toolkit);
}
}
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new AWTError("Could not instantiate Toolkit: " + nm);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new AWTError("Could not access Toolkit: " + nm);
}
return null;
}
});
loadAssistiveTechnologies();
} finally {
// Make sure to always re-enable the JIT.
java.lang.Compiler.enable();
}
}
return toolkit;
}
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从上面我们知道了之所以要关闭JITjava.lang.Compiler.disable(); 是因为加快执行的速度。由于JIT对每条字节码都进行编译，造成了编译过程负担过重。为了避免这种情况，当前的JIT只对经常执行的字节码进行编译，如循环等。
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