现象:启动sshd服务时,虽看似服务启动成功,但客户端并不能连接上sshd服务器端。
如下:
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[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# /usr/sbin/sshd
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Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
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Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
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Could not load host key: /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
原因:
1. 从提示信息看是sshd守护进程不能加载主机密钥文件,因为找不到这些密钥文件(配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config中已定义密钥文件名与路径);
2. 一般openssh服务正常安装后,主机会自动生成相应的主机密钥文件,但这里因未知原因并没有完成这一步动作,导致无法远程ssh连接。
检查密钥文件是否存在(还有一种现象为:密钥文件存在,但文件大小为0):
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[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/
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total 252
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config
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-rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config
重新生成主机密钥文件:
1. 生成rsa_key (-t表示生成的密钥所使用的加密类型;-f项后接要生成的密钥文件名);
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[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
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Generating public/private rsa key pair.
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Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
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Enter same passphrase again:
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Your identification has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.
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Your public key has been saved in /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub.
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The key fingerprint is:
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5e:2d:19:51:b1:e3:e0:60:65:53:e4:14:f8:d8:38:af root@aefe8007a17d
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The key's randomart image is:
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+--[ RSA 2048]----+
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| ==Bo |
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| o.= . |
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| o o=+ |
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| . o+*o. |
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| S =oo |
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| . . .. |
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| . . |
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| E |
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| |
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+-----------------+
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[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
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2. 生成ecdsa_key;
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[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ecdsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
3. 生成ed25519_key。
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[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
再次检查密钥文件是否存在且合规,可以看到已生成相应主机密钥文件(实际上主机密钥文件为私钥,.pub文件为公钥):
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[root@aefe8007a17d ~]# ll /etc/ssh/
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total 276
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 242153 Mar 21 22:18 moduli
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2208 Mar 21 22:18 ssh_config
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-rw------- 1 root root 227 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 179 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
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-rw------- 1 root root 411 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
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-rw------- 1 root root 1679 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 399 May 22 16:48 ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
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-rw------- 1 root root 4361 Mar 21 22:18 sshd_config
此时客户端可ssh连接上sshd服务器端:
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[root@localhost ~]# ssh 172.17.0.2
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The authenticity of host '172.17.0.2 (172.17.0.2)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is 37:2a:69:46:c4:bd:92:b2:43:b4:cc:42:41:8e:12:2e.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
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