Basic FreeBSD Setup (FreeBSD占有率99.8% ^_^)

官方简体中文安装手册：
官方en_US安装手册：
官方简体中文安装手册 下载： 

1: 使用 USB 安装 FreeBSD（设备编号自行修改）

# dd if=9.1-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/da1 bs=10240 conv=sync

Tips: Windows环境下如何将 *.img 写入USB ？ 
Image Writer for Windows:  https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/+download

安装source 和 ports

等待重启完成 ...
# vi /boot/loader.conf
loader_logo="beastie"		(boot menu logo)
autoboot_delay="3"		(boot delay)
:wq

# vi /etc/rc.conf
blanktime="600"
saver="daemon"
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
powerd_enable="YES"
powerd_flags="-a adaptive -b adaptive -n adaptive"  # 保持温度不会过高就是了
:wq

# kldload coretemp
# sysctl -a |grep temper
hw.acpi.thermal.tz0.temperature: 60.0C
dev.cpu.0.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.1.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.2.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.3.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.4.temperature: 61.0C
dev.cpu.5.temperature: 62.0C
dev.cpu.6.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.7.temperature: 59.0C

检查一下硬件信息

# dmesg | grep attached	（列出没有被驱动的硬件）
# pciconf -lv		（更加详细）  	/var/run/dmesg.boot	(see also)
（找到声卡 和 显卡加载相应驱动）

声卡 驱动

# kldload snd_driver	（加载所有声卡驱动自动匹配）
# cat /dev/sndstat	(查看声卡驱动信息）
# dmesg | grep hdac
# cat filename > /dev/dsp	(测试声卡，filename为任意文件产生噪音说明正常工作）

# vi /boot/device.hints
hint.pcm.0.vol="50"	(pcm Module加载时，音量默认为50）
:wq

# Microphone     (话筒)
# mixer

# sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4
# sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4		( 虚拟声道(Virtual Sound Channels)4个音源能够同时播放)
# sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4

 # less /boot/defaults/loader.conf

 /snd (找到所有声卡驱动支持项)

 # pciconf -lv | egrep -i -A3 -B5 'audio|multimedia' (查看device 类型)

 # vi /boot/loader.conf

 snd_hda_load="YES" (启动时加载 声卡驱动/添加自己的声卡驱动)

:wq

2: 时间校准 （很重要）

# tzsetup	（时区设置 CST）
# ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org	（校准）

# vi /etc/rc.conf
ntpd_enable="YES"		（配置开机启动 ntpd）
ntpd_sync_on_start="YES"
:wq
# /etc/rc.d/ntpd start

# vi /etc/ntp.conf
server 1.cn.pool.ntp.org
server 1.asia.pool.ntp.org
server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org	（配置time server）
:wq
# /etc/rc.d/ntpd restart

3：更新 source 和 doc

# cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/standard-supfile /etc
# cd /etc/; vi standard-supfile
*default host=cvsup.tw.freebsd.org （修改此项）
*default base=/var/db
*default prefix=/usr
*default release=cvs tag=RELENG_9_0
*default delete use-rel-suffix
*default compress
src-all
doc-all tag=.   （添加此项）
:wq

 # csup /etc/standard-supfile

4：ports 和 package 文件下载地址设置

# vi /etc/make.conf		(详情：man make.conf)
MASTER_SITE_BACKUP?=	\
ftp://ftp.hk.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/	(注意这里没换行了)
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?= ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}
CPUTYPE?=core2		(根据情况调整，起到优化作用：me -> i7)
# sysctl hw.model	(more /usr/share/example/etc/make.conf)
# dmidecode		(DMI table decoder)
INSTALL=install -C	(比对已安装文件与最新文件 版本号，低于新版本才安装)
:wq

1. tcsh/csh:
   
2. # vi ~/.cshrc
   
3. setenv        PACKAGEROOT        ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org
   
4. setenv        PKG_TMPDIR        /var/garbage        (package安装后来这里看看：/var/db/pkg)
   
5. :wq
   
6. # exit            (注销生效)
   
7. 
   
8. 
   
9. sh/bash:
   
10. $ vi ~/.profile
    
11. export PACKAGEROOT=ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org
    
12. export PKG_TMPDIR=/var/garbage
    
13. :wq
    
14. # exit            (注销生效)
15. 
    

 #

 # pkg_add -r vim (使用远程服务器安装)

 # pkg_version -v  (list outdated ports that have a newer version available in the Ports)

 # pkg_version -v |grep vim (首先查出版本号)

 # pkg_delete vim-7.3.81

 或者：

 # pkg_delete /var/db/pkg/vim-7.3.81

 # pkg_delete xchat\* (使用通配符)

 # pkg_info |grep -i vim (首先查出版本号)

 # pkg_info -L vim-7.3.81 |less (显示这个软件包安装的所有文件)

 # pkg_info vim-7.3.81
 
查看CPU支持指令集合：

1. # grep -i features /var/run/dmesg.boot
   
2. Features=0xbfebfbff
   
3.   Features2=0x98e3fd
   
4.   AMD Features=0x28100800
   
5.   AMD Features2=0x1

查看当前操作系统开启的指令集合：

1. # cd /usr/share/mk
2. # make -V CPUTYPE
   
3. core2
   
4. # make -V MACHINE_CPU
   
5. ssse3 sse3 amd64 sse2 sse mmx

5: 更新 ports ( portmaster)

# portsnap fetch extract  	（首次更新port使用此命令）
# portsnap fetch update		（日后更新port使用此命令）
vi /etc/crontab
0 5 * * * root /usr/sbin/portsnap cron update  （自动更新port）
:wq

安装 portmaster 用于更新 软件包：
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && make install clean
---------------------------------------------------------------------
# ls /usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc.sample
# vim /usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc
# Do not create temporary backup packages before pkg_delete (-B)
NO_BACKUP=Bopt

# Always delete stale distfiles without prompting (-d)
ALWAYS_SCRUB_DISTFILES=dopt

# Do not run 'make config' for ports that need updating (-G)
PM_NO_MAKE_CONFIG=Gopt

# Be verbose (-v)
PM_VERBOSE=vopt

# Save copies of old shared libraries (recommended) (-w)
SAVE_SHARED=wopt
:wq
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# /usr/local/sbin/portmaster -L > portmaster.out	(列出可更新的软件)
===>>> linux_base-fc-4_8
===>>> New version available: linux_base-fc-4_9

# /usr/local/sbin/portmaster linux_base-fc-4_8		(更新 某软件)
# /usr/local/sbin/portmaster -e openoffice.org-2.2.0	(卸载某软件与其依赖)
#
# portmaster -a			(升级所有已安装的 ports)
# portmaster -af		(always rebuild ports overrides -i)
# portmaster -aG -x ? --no-confirm

# portmaster -r[-R] -r name/glob of port directory in /var/db/pkg         rebuild the specified port, and all ports that depend on it.  The         list of dependent ports is built according to origin (i.e.,         category/portname) not by the version number of the installed port.         So if you do portmaster -r fooport-1.23 and it is necessary to         restart using -R but the newly installed port is now fooport-1.24 you         can do portmaster -R -r fooport-1.24 and it should pick up where you         left off.  The -r option can be specified more than once.# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/bsdadminscripts/ && make install clean> pkg_libchk                   (检查缺失的动态库，找出有问题的 ports)Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-sbr.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-sbr.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-wallpaper-plugin.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-wallpaper-plugin.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-wallpaper-plugin.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/xfce4/panel/plugins/libthunar-tpa.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/xfce4/panel/plugins/libthunar-tpa.so misses libpng.so.6Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/xfce4/panel/plugins/libthunar-tpa.so misses libpng.so.6......
ports替换升级法（以perl为例）：
> more /usr/ports/UPDATING
AFFECTS: users of lang/perl*
AUTHOR: [e-mail]

lang/perl5.16 is out. If you want to switch to it from, for example
lang/perl5.12, that is:

Portupgrade users:
0) Fix pkgdb.db (for safety):
pkgdb -Ff

1) Reinstall new version of Perl (5.16):
env DISABLE_CONFLICTS=1 portupgrade -o lang/perl5.16 -f perl-5.12.\*

2) Reinstall everything that depends on Perl:
portupgrade -fr perl

Portmaster users:
portmaster -o lang/perl5.16 lang/perl5.12

Conservative:
portmaster p5-

Comprehensive (but perhaps overkill):
portmaster -r perl-

Note: If the "perl-" glob matches more than one port you will need to
specify the name of the Perl directory in /var/db/pkg explicitly.

The default version for Perl has also been changed from 5.12 to 5.14.
另一种更新 软件包 的方法：
# make deinstall && make install clean	(前提是你的ports 已经更新！)

下面方法多用于 测试不同版本软件：
# make install						(注意没有：clean ,保留下载的源码！)
# make deinstall && make reinstall		(前提是下载的源码没有被清理！)

# make PREFIX=/usr/pkg install clean		(Changing the Install Path)

Cleaning Up Ports:
# make install clean	(clean a port immediately upon install)

You might also want to remove the original distfiles, stored in /usr/ports/distfiles.
# make distclean 	(removes the distfiles for the current port and all dependencies)
OR:
# portmaster --clean-distfiles
To clean the entire ports tree
# make clean -DNOCLEANDEPENDS 	(  run directly under /usr/ports)

Building Packages
# make package
This installs the program on the local machine and creates a package in the port’s directory.
Simply copy this package to other systems and run pkg_add(1) to install it.
If you create the directory /usr/ports/packages, the Ports Collection will
create a packages tree in that location. Instead of placing the new package
in the port’s directory, the port will place the package in the appropriate
category under /usr/ports/packages.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LOCAL PACKAGE REPOSITORIES

Remember the PACKAGESITE environment variable? Set that to a path on your local

anonymous FTP server (Chapter 17) or an NFS share (Chapter 8) and put your custom

packages there. You can then use pkg_add -r on your other machines, and they will

automatically grab packages from your local repository.

6：Binary Updates ( only provides patches to the GENERIC kernel)

# freebsd-update fetch			(download the latest updates to your errata branch)
( files stored in /var/db/freebsd-update)
# freebsd-update install	(install the downloaded files)
#
# vi /etc/crontab
0 5 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron  （自动更新至 errata-branch）
:wq
Reboot your system ..

7：安装 Vim

# cd /usr/ports/editors/vim/
# make WITHOUT_X11=yes install clean
# exit	(注销）

# vim ~/.vimrc
set nomodeline		(这个一定要写，目前有这个安装漏洞）
set nocp
set hls is
set ic
set autoindent
set backspace=2
syntax on
"set bg=dark		(更改背景色调/默认为light, " 为注释！)
:wq			(详情：vimtutor)

# vim ~/.cshrc
setenv	EDITOR	vim
:wq

8：使用本地化语言

方法一：Class Definitions
# vim /etc/login.conf
chinese:Chinese Users Account:\
:charset=UTF-8:\
:lang=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
:tc=default:
:wq
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf	(rebuilds the database file /etc/login.conf.db)
# pw usermod jacky -L chinese	(修改 jacky 的 语言环境)
# pw useradd jacky -L chinese	(添加 jacky 并使用中文)

# pw usershow jacky
jacky:*:1001:1001:chinese:0:0:jacky:/home/jacky:/bin/tcsh
# su - jacky
> locale
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

 方法二：User Definitions

# vim ~/.login_conf

me:\

:lang=zh_CN.UTF-8:\

:setenv=LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (字符类型)

:setenv=LC_COLLATE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (字符对比规则)

:setenv=LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (时间类型)

:setenv=LC_NUMERIC=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (数字类型)

:setenv=LC_MONETARY=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (货币类型)

:setenv=LC_MESSAGES=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (消息/提示类型)

:setenv=LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8:\

:charset=UTF-8:

:wq

 PS: 自定义 prompt 和 alias

 方法一：全局设置

vim /etc/csh.cshrc
set prompt = "%B%n@%m [%/] $ "	(详情：man csh /%m)
set autolist			(TAB命令补全功能)

 方法二：自定义设置

 vim ~/.cshrc

 set prompt = "%B%n@%m [%/] # " (注意空格)

 set autolist (TAB 命令补全功能)

 alias cl clear

 alias vi vim

 alias df df -h

 

 History： (默认记录文件：~/.history)

 # history -c (清理当前历史记录)

 # history -S (保存当前历史记录)

 

9： Axel / Aria2下载大文件利器 (MP3、影片、软件等)   wget

# cd /usr/ports/ftp/axel && make install clean
# axel -a -n 3 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.17.tar.bz2	(详情：man axel)

# axel -S4 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.17.tar.bz2		(自动寻找 4 个最快mirror进行下载)

通常我用 wget 下网站	(找到资料就下吧！说不准那天站点没了,还是弄下来方便！)
# wget -r -np -p -k --level=2 		(wget默认安装)

Aria2 ：多链接下载，轻量，平均4-9MB内存使用量，BitTorrent下载速度2.8MiB/s时CPU占用约6%
# cd /usr/ports/www/aria2 && make install clean

(详情：man aria2c)
# aria2c ""		(直接下载)

# aria2c "http://host/file.zip" "ftp://host2/file.zip"	(同时从 2 个不同源下载 某文件)

# aria2c -x2 -k1M ""			(-x2：一个server只建立 2 个连接 -k1M：man很详细)

# aria2c -s4 					(-s：总共启用多少个连接)

# aria2c mylinux.torrent		(BT 下载)

# aria2c 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:248D0A1CD08284299DE78D5C1ED359BB46717D8C' 	(BT Magent URI)

# aria2c mylinux.metalink		(Metalink)

# aria2c -i files.txt -j2							(Download URIs found in text file -j：同时进行任务数)

Resuming Download：
Usually, you can resume transfer by just issuing same command	(aria2c URI)
 if the previous transfer is made by aria2.
 If the previous transfer is made by a browser or wget like sequential download manager,
 then use -c option to continue the transfer	(aria2c -c URI)

BitTorrent Download：

# aria2c --follow-torrent=mem ""	(download files from remote BT file)
# aria2c --max-upload-limit=40k file.torrent 	(download using a local torrent file)
Using Proxy:
For HTTP
aria2c --http-proxy="" ""
aria2c --http-proxy="" \
--no-proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16" ""For FTP
aria2c --ftp-proxy="" "ftp://host/file"Proxy with Authorization
aria2c --http-proxy="" ""
aria2c --http-proxy="" \
--http-proxy-user="username" --http-proxy-passwd="password" ""

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
也可以应用到ports下载中！(非必需，一般来说FreeBSD的 fetch够用了)
# vim /etc/make.conf
FETCH_CMD=/usr/local/bin/axel -a -S4		(-a：显示每个线程状态信息  -n：连接数)
DISABLE_SIZE=yes		(开启 此功能！)
:wq

穿越模式：
FETCH_ENV=http_proxy=ur address
FETCH_ENV=ftp_proxy=ur address

或者 使用其他工具：	(proxychains / runsocks)
FETCH_CMD=proxychains axel
FETCH_CMD=runsocks axel

PS：wget  axel aria2 配置均一样！

FETCH_CMD=/usr/local/bin/wget -c -t 3		(-c：继续以前的下载  -t：默认tries =20)
DISABLE_SIZE=yes		(开启 此功能！)

FETCH_CMD=/usr/local/bin/aria2c -s 4				(-s：开启4 个连接)
DISABLE_SIZE=yes		(开启 此功能！)
(在Aria2速度不行的时候，我发现Axel速度确实可以！正常情况匹敌！)

 

10：Scim-pinyin (fcitx-sunpinyin) (ibus-pinyin)输入法

# cd /usr/ports/chinese/scim-pinyin && make install clean
> vim ~/.cshrc
# set scim as the XIM  input server
setenv	XMODIFIERS	@im=SCIM
:wq

# xfce环境下，支持中文默认用英文情况下（Terminal内右键 Input Methods -SCIM)

# cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx-sunpinyin && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx-configtool && make install clean
> vim ~/.cshrc
setenv	XMODIFIERS	@im=fcitx
setenv	GTK_IM_MODULE	xim
setenv	QT_IM_MODULE	xim
:wq
> vim ~/.xinitrc
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/fcitx &    # 确保比xfce提前运行！
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
:wq

# cd /usr/ports/chinese/ibus-pinyin && make install clean
# more /usr/ports/textproc/ibus/pkg-message

-------------------------------------------------------------------
ibus installation finished. To use ibus, please do the following:

If you are using bash, please add following lines to your $HOME/.bashrc:

export XIM=ibus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export XIM_PROGRAM="ibus-daemon"
export XIM_ARGS="--daemonize --xim"

If you are using tcsh, please add following lines to your $HOME/.cshrc:

setenv XIM ibus
setenv GTK_IM_MODULE ibus
setenv QT_IM_MODULE xim
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=ibus
setenv XIM_PROGRAM ibus-daemon
setenv XIM_ARGS "--daemonize --xim"

If you are using KDE4, you may create a shell script in $HOME/.kde4/env,
and add following lines:

#!/bin/sh
export XIM=ibus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export XIM_PROGRAM="ibus-daemon"
export XIM_ARGS="--daemonize --xim"

Following input methods/engines are available in ports:

chinese/ibus-chewing            Chewing engine for IBus
chinese/ibus-pinyin             The PinYin input method
japanese/ibus-anthy             Anthy engine for IBus
japanese/ibus-mozc              Mozc engine for IBus
japanese/ibus-skk               SKK engine for IBus
korean/ibus-hangul              Hangul engine for IBus
textproc/ibus-kmfl              KMFL IMEngine for IBus framework
textproc/ibus-m17n              The m17n IMEngine for IBus framework
textproc/ibus-table             Table based IM framework for IBus

and QT4 input method module, textproc/ibus-qt.

If ibus cannot start or the panel does not appear, please ensure
that you are using up-to-date python.
There's a bug in python 2.5, which may prevent the panel from appearing.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim ~/.xinitrc
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/ibus-daemon --xim -d    # 确保比xfce提前运行！
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
:wq


# vim ~/.cshrc

setenv XIM ibus

setenv GTK_IM_MODULE ibus

setenv QT_IM_MODULE xim

setenv XMODIFIERS @im=ibus

setenv XIM_PROGRAM ibus-daemon

setenv XIM_ARGS "--daemonize --xim"

:wq

11：Xorg 和 WQY 字库

# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg && make BATCH=YES install clean

(BATCH=YES: 启用默认配置选项, 不会出现对话框来烦你！)

# Xorg -configure
# mv xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf	(生成 xorg 配置文件)

# vim /etc/rc.conf	(使用 HAL 自动检测键盘和鼠标)
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
:wq

# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy && make install clean
# vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf
 Section "Files"
 	FontPath	"/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/wqy"	(添加 wqy 路径支持)
 EndSection

 Section "Monitor"
Identifier	"Monitor0"
VendorName	"Monitor Vendor"
ModelName	"Monitor Modle"
HorizSync	30-107		(水平刷新频率)
VertRefresh	48-120		(垂直刷新频率)
Option		"DPMS"		(能源之星/EnergyStar)
 EndSection

 Section "Screen"
Identifier	"Screen0"
Device		"Card0"
Monitor		"Monitor0"
DefaultDepth	24
SubSection	"Display"
Viewport	0 0
Depth	24
              Modes	"1024x768"
              Virtual   1366 768
EndSubsection
 EndSection
:wq

PS: 使用 GTF 命令输出刷新频率 如下! 一定要安装 nvidia-settings 否则分辨率永远是 50Hz！

# gtf 1366 768 60

# 1366x768 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 47.70 kHz; pclk: 85.86 MHz
Modeline "1366x768_60.00"  85.86  1366 1440 1584 1800  768 769 772 795  -HSync +Vsync

ection "Monitor"
Identifier	"Monitor0"
VendorName	"Monitor Vendor"
ModelName	"Monitor Modle"
＃	HorizSync	30-107		(水平刷新频率)
＃     VertRefresh	48-120		(垂直刷新频率)
     #  1368x768 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 47.70 kHz; pclk: 85.86 MHz       
Modeline "1368x768_60.00"  85.86  1368 1440 1584 1800  768 769 772 795  -HSync +Vsync
Option		"DPMS"		(能源之星/EnergyStar)
 EndSection

 Section "Screen"
Identifier	"Screen0"
Device		"Card0"
Monitor		"Monitor0"
DefaultDepth	24
SubSection	"Display"
Viewport	0 0
Depth	24
              Modes	"1366x768"
              Virtual   1366 768
EndSubsection
 EndSection
:wq

PS：启用 ctrl+alt+backspace 退出 Xorg (默认已关闭该功能)

方法一：

# setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp

方法二：

# vim /usr/local/etc/hal/fdi/policy/x11-input.fdi (hald 会读取该文件)

 

   

      terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp

   

 

#  vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "ServerLayout"

Option "DontZap" "off"

EndSection

:wq

方法三：使用 Xfce4-session-logout

# vim ~/.cshrc

alias logout xfce4-session-logout --logout
alias   lock    xflock4

:wq

# source ~/.cshrc

12：Nvidia 驱动

# cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-driver && make BATCH=YES install clean
# vim /boot/loader.conf
nvidia_load="YES"		(启动时加载 driver)
linux_enable="YES"
:wq

# cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-xconfig/ && make install clean
# rehash

方法一：不开启 compiz-fusion
# nvidia-xconfig	(自动替换/etc/X11/xorg.conf 并备份原文件为：org.conf.backup)

方法二：开启 compiz-fusion
# nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals	(Enable OpenGL)
# nvidia-xconfig --composite		(Enable Composite X extension)
# nvidia-xconfig --depth=24

显卡信息查看 和 分辨率 刷新频率 查看与修改！
(Xorg 内 配置无法起作用，只能通过nvidia-settings来调整！)
# cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-settings && make install clean
# rehash
# nvidia-settings

13：xfce4

# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4 && make BATCH=YES install clean
# vim /usr/local/etc/PolicyKit/PolicyLit.conf		(允许用户在 xfce4模式下 reboot 和 shutdown)


reboot">


shutdown">




还需要进行如下操作：
# vim /usr/local/etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/.pkla

[Restart]
Identity=unix-group:wheel
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

[Shutdown]
Identity=unix-group:wheel
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

% vim ~/.xinitrc		(告诉X 下次启动时执行 Xfce4)
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
#exec startxfce4	(也可这样写)
:wq


PS: 如果使用了 XDM
% vim ~/.xsession
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
:wq
% chmod +x ~/.xsession

---------------------------------------------------

Xfce4 回收站地址： ~/.local/share/Trash/files

Xfce4 注销命令：

# vim ~/.cshrc

alias logout xfce4-session-logout --logout
alias   lock    xflock4

:wq

# source ~/.cshrc

---------------------------------------------------

Xfce 4 Setting Manager

Themes/Shortcuts/:  Window Manager

Background/Icons/display: Desktop Display

File Manager:Display-date

Style: Appearance -xfce dust

Desktop Panel Setup

Terminal Preferences

Appearance - Font - Background(Transparent)

滚动 滑轮 - 收起（打开）终端窗口

----------------------------------------------------------------
How to install new themes:

 

----------------------------------------------------------------
Xfce4 Plugins:


#安装 Ristretto	(微型图片查看工具)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/ristretto && make install clean

安装 Task	(图形任务管理器)

# cd /usr/ports/x11/xfce4-taskmanager && make install clean

安装 Power	(电源管理)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-power-manager && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-battery-plugin && make install clean

安装 Notes	(便签)
# cd /usr/ports/deskutils/xfce4-notes-plugin && make install clean

安装 Netload 	(网络负载)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-netload-plugin && make install clean

安装 Weather	(天气预报)
# cd /usr/ports/misc/xfce4-weather-plugin && make install clean

安装 Wavelan	(无线上网)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-wavelan-plugin && make install clean

PS: 将以上项目在 panel上右键 添加 new item 才可以显示出来！！

# cd /usr/ports/ # make quicksearch name=xfce4-screenshooter-plugin# cd /usr/ports/x11/xfce4-screenshooter-plugin && make install clean# touch ~/.config/xfce4/xfce4-screenshooter		(没有他工作不了！)# 进入 keyboard 设置 shotcut	(PrtScr) 或 从菜单栏点击程序

安装 Xfburn	(CD/DVD 刻录工具)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfburn && make install clean

强大的 命令行刻录工具：					(建议使用)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/dvd+rw-tools && make install clean
# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data	(刻录 数据DVD)
# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso	(刻录 映像文件)

14：Mplayer/Office/Reader/Gimp/Ristretto/Galculator/Thunderbird/Pidgin/VirtualBox/unix2dos

# cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice	(安装libreoffice)
# make LOCALIZED_LANG=zh-CN install clean		(添加中文支持)

# cd /usr/ports && make search key=adobe|less		(安装AdobeReader)
# cd /usr/ports/chinese/acroread8-zh_CN && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/mupdf && make install clean    (安装mupdf)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/epdfview && make install clean    (安装epdfview)

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-help && make config	(保留：EN 和 ZH_CN)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp && make BATCH=YES install clean 	(安装图像处理)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-manual-pdf && make install clean

# cd /usr/ports/graphics/ristretto && make install clean	(安装微型图片查看工具)
# cd /usr/ports/math/galculator && make install clean	(安装图形计算器)

# cd /usr/ports/mail/thunderbird && make BATCH=YES install clean (安装雷鸟)
# cd /usr/ports/mail/thunderbird-i18n && make install clean

# cd /usr/ports/net-im/pidgin/ && make install clean	(IM Client 注意端口用8001)
# 成功登陆IRC(irc.freenode.net)之后：
/cs register #ChannelName Password  ChannelDescription  (注册自己的Channel)

# cd /usr/ports/converters/unix2dos && make install clean   (unix2dos and dos2unix)

unix2dos and dos2unix are utilities that convert
ASCII files from the DOS cr/lf format to the UNIX
lf format..


VirtualBox:
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose && make install clean

# kldload vboxdrv
or
# echo 'vboxdrv_load="YES"'>>/boot/loader.conf
# pw groupmod vboxusers -m yourusername
% VirtualBox &

=====================================

VirtualBox was installed.

You need to load the vboxdrv kernel module via /boot/loader.conf:

vboxdrv_load="YES"

You also have to add all users to your vboxusers group in order to use vbox.

% pw groupmod vboxusers -m jerry

Reboot the machine to load the needed kernel modules.


Bridging Support:
=================

For bridged networking please add the following line to your /etc/rc.conf:

vboxnet_enable="YES"


USB Support:
============

For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read
and write permissions to the USB device.

% pw groupmod operator -m jerry

Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist):

[system=10]
add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator

To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf:

devfs_system_ruleset="system"

Then restart devfs to load the new rules:

% /etc/rc.d/devfs restart


========================================
Qemu:
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/qemu && make install clean (add kqemu option)
# kldload {kqemu,if_bridge,if_tap,aio}  (必备module)
# kldstat

Create a 10GB qcow2 image to install Windows XP
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 winxp.img 20G

Installing Windows XP ...
# qemu -m 1024 -hda winxp.img -cdrom xp_sp3_vol_x86.iso -boot d -localtime

Boot Windows XP ...
# qemu-system-x86_64  -m 1500 -hda winxp.img -cdrom xp_sp3_vol_x86.iso \
-localtime -M pc -smp 2 -soundhw es1370 -usb -enable-kqemu -kernel-kqemu  -name winxp

PS: Windows XP 占用CPU 100％ 很无奈，所以还是模拟 Windows2000吧(这个速度是最快的！)
或者 用 VirtualBox 安装 Windows XP ...

Qemu 模拟 Win2000
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 win2000.img 10G
# qemu -m 1024 -hda win2000.img -cdrom win2000.iso -boot d -win2k-hack
# qemu-system-x86_64  -m 1500 -hda win2000.img -cdrom win2000.iso \
-localtime -M pc -smp 2 -soundhw es1370 -usb -enable-kqemu -kernel-kqemu  -name win2000

Mplayer 具体使用：

1. xdpyinfo	(获得使用您的显卡的X服务器所支持的扩展列表)
常见图像接口列表：X11: 一般性的使用共享内存的X11输出。XVideo: 一种X11接口扩展，支持任何X11图像的可拖拉。SDL: 简单直接媒体层。DGA: 直接图片存取。SVGAlib: 低层次掌控图片层。
X11: 一般性的使用共享内存的X11输出。
XVideo: 一种X11接口扩展，支持任何X11图像的可拖拉。
SDL: 简单直接媒体层。
DGA: 直接图片存取。
SVGAlib: 低层次掌控图片层。

XVideo	(X11扩展接口，用于提高 画面质量)
# xvinfo
X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
no adapters presnet		(表示显卡不支持 XVideo)

2. 安装
# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer		(安装mplayer)
# make WITH_LANG=zh_CN install clean	(选中vdpau显卡加速等需要的选项！)

3. 第一次启动前
% cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
% make install-user		(自动建立： ~/.mplayer)


要播放一个文件，如 testfile.avi， 可以通过各种视频接口当中的某一个去设置 -vo 选项：

% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi
% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi
% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi
# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi
# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi
(详情：man mplayer /-vo)
# mplayer -gui -vo x11 testfile.avi	(图形界面, 我保证你不会用)

常用命令：
# mplayer -fs -zoom -vo xv,x11 testfile.avi	(全屏模式,不支持xv 则使用x11,你会不支持xv?)
# mplayer -ontop -vo xv testfile.avi		(置顶播放)
# mplayer -vf screenshot -vo xv testfile.avi	(屏幕截图,截图保存到当前目录,按键：s)
# mplayer -ss 01:33:00 -vo xv testfile.avi	(选择播放起始位置)

# mplayer -osdlevel 3	testfile.avi		(音量 + 搜索 + 计时器 + 百分比 + 总时间)
# mplayer -cache 4096 testfile.avi		(设定缓冲区：KBytes)

# cd ~/audio/;ls |cut -d' ' -f1 > music.lst	(制作文件列表,文件名不要留空格)
# mplayer -loop 0 -playlist ~/audio/music.lst	(无限循环播放列表)

# mplayer \
\
Special_40202/M0040202001.mp3			(Stream From HTTP)
# mplayer 不支持 SWF，建议拖到 浏览器里播放！

KeyBoard Control:
up and down	(Seek forward/backward 1 minute)
pgup and pgdown	(Seek forward/backward 10 minutes)
[ and ]		(Decrease/Increase current playback speed by 10%)
{ and }		(Halve/Double current playback speed)
BACKSPACE	(Reset playback speed to normal)

Playlist:
< and >		(Go backward/forward in the playlist)
ENTER		(Go forward in the playlist, even over the end)
p / SPACE	(Pause, pressing agin unpauses)
q / ESC		(Stop playing and quit)

Sound:
9 and 0		(Decrease/Increase volume)
( and ) 	(Adjust audio balance in favor of left/right channel)
m		(Mute sound)

OSD States:
o		(Toggle OSD states: none/ seek/ seek+ timer/seek+ timer+ total time)
# mplayer -osdlevel 3	testfile.avi
设定开始的OSD模式.0只有字幕1音量 + 搜索(默认)2音量 + 搜索 + 计时器 + 百分比3音量 + 搜索 + 计时器 + 百分比 + 总时间

Subtitle:
v		(Toggle subtitle visibility)
j		(Cycle through the available subtitles)
y and g		(Step forward/backward in the subtile list)
F		(Toggle displaying "forced subtitles")
a		(Toggle subtitle alignment: top/ middle/ bottom)
r and t		(Move subtitles up/ down)

ScreenShot:
s		(-vf screenshot only)
S		(-vf screentshot only, Start/ Stop taking screenshots)
I		(Show filename on the OSD)
P		(show progression bar, elapsed time and total duration on the OSD)

FullScreen & Stay-On-Top :
f		(Toggle fullscreen, also see -fs -zoom)
T		(Toggle stay-on-top, also see -ontop)

-------------------------------------------------------------
为了让 mplayer 的命令行不是太长，使用者可以通过建立一个文件
来设定如下默认选项：
# vim ~/.mplayer/config
vo=vdpau	# 使用 vdpau 输出设备播放
fs=yes		# 全屏
ontop=yes	# 置顶
zoom=yes	# 允许改变窗口大小
noaspect=yes	# 缩放时保持高宽比
osdlevel=3	# 显示 当前播放时间 和 总时间
:wq
-------------------------------------------------------------

要播放 DVD， 需要把 testfile.avi 改为 dvd://N -dvd-device DEVICE。
这里 N 是要播放的节目编号， 而 DEVICE 则是 DVD-ROM 的设备节点。例如，要播放 /dev/dvd 的第三个节目

# mplayer -vo xv dvd://3 -dvd-device /dev/dvd

注意: 可以在编译 MPlayer 时， 通过 WITH_DVD_DEVICE 来指定默认的 DVD 设备。
系统内定的默认设备是 /dev/acd0。 更多细节， 请参考 port 的 Makefile。
最后，mplayer 可以把DVD题目(title)抓取成为 .vob 文件。
为了从DVD中导出第二个题目，请输入：

# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd
　　输出文件 out.vob 将是 MPEG 并且可以被这部份描述的其它 “包” 利用。
--------------------------------------------------------------------
文件:
/etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf		系统范围的设置~/.mplayer/config		用户设置~/.mplayer/input.conf	输入绑定(完整按键列表参见’mplayer −input keylist’的输出)~/.mplayer/gui.conf	GUI配置文件~/.mplayer/gui.pl		GUI播放列表~/.mplayer/font/	字体目录(里面必须有一个font.desc文件和.RAW后缀的文件)~/.mplayer/DVDkeys/	破解的CSS密钥字幕文件按以下顺序搜索(比如播放/mnt/movie/movie.avi文件):/mnt/cdrom/movie.sub~/.mplayer/sub/movie.sub~/.mplayer/default.sub

15：Using Linux Mode (MacromediaFlash插件没有FBSD版，用Linux wrapper运行其flash版本)

# kldload linux		(加载进来一会用)
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base-f10 && make BATCH=YES install distclean
# vim /etc/rc.conf
linux_enable="YES"
:wq

16：Firefox 和 MacromediaFlash 和 Add-ons  and Chromium

# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox/ && make BATCH=YES install clean
vim /boot/loader.conf
sem_load="YES"			(加载module)
:wq

# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox-i18n/ && make install clean	(中文支持)
# cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper && make install clean	(提供flash支持)
# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin10 && make install clean	(安装flash插件)

# 安装版本11的话不需要 挂载 linproc , 我安装的11 ..
# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin11 && make install clean	(安装flash插件)

#  ln -s /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so \
/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/	(做个symbolic Link，官方文档：browser_plugins是个目录，没有的话要创建)
(目录不行：请直接连接，我就是 直接链接的！)
# rehash						(Updates FreeBSD's path environment variables)
<For instance when you have installed software you may not be able
to run the executables without specifying the path.
rehash solves your problem most of the times>

% nspluginwrapper -v -a -i			(插件必须由每个用户运行 nspluginwrapper 安装)
<上面的命令会复制 browser_plugins目录下生成的文件 到：~/.mozilla/plugins/npwrapper.libflashplayer.so>
# 安装版本11(linux-f10-flashplugin11)的话不需要 进行下面的操作 挂载 linproc , 我安装的11 ..

实现播放flash 动画效果：
# mount	 -t linprocfs linproc /usr/compat/linux/proc	(挂载 linproc ,事实上 procfs存在安全问题FBSD早就废弃了)

# vim /etc/fstab
linproc		/usr/compat/linux/proc	linprocfs		rw	0	0	(开机自动挂载)
:wq
Add-ons：
firefox - Edit - Preferences - Manage Add-ons - Search
Ease Link：					(转换迅雷、QQ旋风、快车专用链接)
Adblock Plus：				(屏蔽广告)
Adblock Plus Preferences - Filters -Add filter subscription - Update all subscriptions

NetVideoHunter Video Downloader：		(视频地址检测)
NetVideoHunter Options - Show in statusbar - Enable the capturing of SWF files
PS: npviewer.bin 该进程为flash进程，当关闭flash后不会自动
结束，sockstat |grep npviewer.bin 会看到N多 占用内存超多
我的办法是:
# echo 'alias killflash killall npviewer.bin'>>~/.cshrc

Chromium
# cd /usr/ports/www/chromium/ && make install clean
echo 'alias	chrome	chrome --incognito'>>~/.cshrc

17：compiz-fusion (3D效果)

# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/compiz-fusion && make BATCH=YES install clean

% vim start-compiz
#!/bin/sh
compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &
emerald --replace &
:wq
% chmod +x start-compiz
% echo "start-compiz" >> ~/.xinitrc

PS: 如果使用了 XDM
% echo "start-compiz" >> ~/.xsession
% startx

 简单设置：

 在CompizConfig设置管理器>首选项>在后端选择GConf Configuration Backed (开启即时生效) 

 接着> 启用 最小化效果、窗口装饰、震颤窗口、移动窗口、调整窗口大小、应用程序切换条，基本的3D桌面竣工！

18：Security

监视ports所有软件包安全：
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portaudit && make all install clean	(portaudit)
# portaudit -Fda		(更新数据库, periodic每天自动更新！)
# portaudit -a		(开始检查)
输出如下：

Affected package: cups-base-1.1.22.0_1
Type of problem: cups-base -- HPGL buffer overflow vulnerability.
Reference: <
1 problem(s) in your installed packages found.
You are advised to update or deinstall the affected package(s) immediately.
<如果你执意要安装不安全的软件请：make install DISABLE_VULNERABILITIES=YES clean>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg_cleanup && make install clean       (关于删除冗余ports )
FROM: http://wiki.freebsdchina.org/software/p/pkg_cutleaves

RootKit:
# cd /usr/ports/security/rkhunter && make install clean		(rkhunter )

Sudo:
# cd /usr/ports/security/sudo && make install clean
# visudo
ko ALL=(root) !/usr/bin/passwd, /usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root, /usr/bin/su -

Integrity:
# cd /usr/ports/security/aide && make install clean			(aide )
# cd /usr/ports/security/tripwire && make install clean		(tripwire )

可用 mtree检查完整性：
# mtree -x -ic -K cksum -K md5digest -K sha256digest -p / \-X /home/mwlucas/mtree-exclude > /tmp/mtree.savedspec(Use -X  to specify a file containing a list of paths not to match)# mtree -f savedspec -f newspec > mtree.differences

AntiVirus:
# cd /usr/ports/security/clamav && make install clean			(clamav )
# cd /usr/ports/security/squidclamav && make install clean	(squidclamav )

Monitor：
# cd /usr/ports/net-mgmt/cacti && make install clean			(cacti)
# cd /usr/ports/net-mgmt/nagios && make install clean		(nagios)
# cd /usr/ports/security/nessus && make install clean		(nessus)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof && make install clean			(lsof)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pidof && make install clean			(pidof)
# cd /usr/ports/security/nmap && make install clean			(nmap)
# cd /usr/ports/net/wireshark && make install clean			(wireshark)
# cd /usr/ports/net/tcpdump && make install clean			(tcpdump: 系统自带)

Unix Password Cracker：
# cd /usr/ports/security/crack && make install clean			(/usr/local/crack/Crack)

Rar Zip 7Z Password Cracker：
# cd /usr/ports/security/rarcrack && make install clean		(rarcrack )

Ciphertext Cracker：
# cd /usr/ports/security/rainbowcrack && make install clean	(rainbowcrack )

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tweaking User Security# vim /etc/login.access				(Rules are checked on a first-fit basis)-:ALL EXCEPT wheel:console		-:ALL EXCEPT wheel dns webmasters:ALL# vim /etc/login.conf					(Restricting System Usage):maxproc-cur: 30:\					(Current Resource Limits):maxproc-max: 60:\					(Maximum Resource Limits):passwd_format=md5:\				(md5 or  blf):minpasswordlen=28:\				(Password length Limits):mixpasswordcase=true:\				(Password case Limits):wqIf present, FreeBSD complains if the user changes his password to an all lowercase word.# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf	(rebuilds the database file /etc/login.conf.db)
PS：
in fact, /etc/hosts.equiv and its related services have bitten eventop-notch security experts who thought they could use it safely. I suggestleaving this file empty and perhaps even making it immutable !

19：SSH

Client: ssh user@host				(需要密码 ，远程主机信息保存在：~/.ssh/known_hosts)scp filename user@host:~/sftp user@host

# ssh-keygen -lf /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub	(检查SSH 主机 PubKey 的 fingerprint，Client端会自动下载并比对)用户密码被强制到28位怎么记得住啊？		(用PubKey实现无密码登录 ！)Client:ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048						(为本机 生成 一对密匙)scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub user@host:~/				(把PubKey 发到Server 用户家目录)Server:cd ~user; mkdir .ssh							cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys			(Server 把Client端 PubKey添加到 授权文件内)Client:ssh user@host									(现在可以无密码登录喽！)

20：Insecure Console (Single-user mode)

When you boot FreeBSD in single-user mode, you get a root command
prompt. This is fine for your laptop and works nicely for servers in your
corporate datacenter, but what about machines in untrusted facilities?

# vim /etc/ttys
console none 		unknown off secure

To make the console require a root login when booted into single-usermode,
change the secure to insecure.
# vim /etc/ttys
console none 		unknown off insecure
:wq

  开源赛车Vdrift 

Heroes of Newerth 是一款类似于“魔兽争霸3”中 DotA 场景的游戏，支持 Windows，Linux，Mac 操作系统。

HON 提供了比 Warcraft III DotA 场景更好的图形效果，并且支持 VoIP。

Heroes of Newerth 游戏特点：

• 自动选择水平相近的队友和对手
• 个人战绩统计
• 包括来自 DotA 和 Savage 2 世界的各种英雄
• 内嵌地图编辑器
• 掉线的玩家可以再度加入游戏
• 可以创建不允许早退玩家的房间
• 服务器-客户端联网模式，不再“一人卡众人杯具”
• 快捷键自定义
• 内嵌语音聊天

# 平衡球 Neverball () 支持Windows/Linux/BSD/Mac

# cd /usr/ports/games/neverball && make install clean

#

配置文件一览：

# ~/.cshrc
# added by ko BEGIN
setenv  PACKAGEROOT     ftp://ftp.freebsd.org
setenv  PKG_TMPDIR      /var/garbage
set     autolist
alias   cl      clear
alias   df      df -h
alias   lock    xflock4
alias   chrome  chrome --incognito
alias   adobe   acroread8
alias   killflash       killall npviewer.bin
# ps axo pid,comm,pcpu,pmem
# history -c    (clear history)
# wget -r -np -p -k --level=2
# added by ko END

有意思的命令，或许阁下用得上哦! ^_^

N：MLDonkey（电驴、BT ）

# cd /usr/ports/net-p2p/mldonkey
# make WITHOUT_GUI=yes WITHOUT_X11="YES" WITHOUT_TK="YES" install clean
％ln -s ~/.mldonkey/incoming ~
在/etc/rc.conf加入mlnet_enable=“YES” 和 mlnet_user=“用户名非root“

%/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mlnet start (注意是%)
1.%telnet 127.0.0.1 4000
2.>auth admin ""
3.>passwd 键入你想设置的密码
4.>set allowed_ips "127.0.0.1 192.168.0.0/24" (根据你自己的情况设置)
5.>save
6.>exit
（mldonkey需要一个非root用户来运行。我习惯在装系统的时候就建立一个wheel组的用户，所以这里我就不用在建立用户了。）


现在就可以在浏览器里输入：localhost:4080来设置和下载文件了。

默认mldonkey的文件夹是隐藏的，在用户目录下。找下载好的电影有点不方便，把incoming连接到你的用户目录下就好了。当然你也可以自己修改默认下载路径。

mldonkey简单设置:

enable_kademlia的选项为true――打开kad减少对服务器的依赖。
max_hard_upload_rate默认是10    （全局最大上传，根据自己情况设置）
max_hard_download_rate默认是50 （全局最大下载，根据自己情况设置）
mldonkey有两组两组带宽控制模式，通过点击Bandwidth toggle来更改带宽控制模式。
=添加服务器列表：=

先删除原先的服务器列表下载地址。点击Options>Web infos找到server.met行然后点击前面的Remove
然后点击Add Url输入“server.met ”（不包括引号，放心都是安全服务器列表。）再点击前面的DL也就是DownLoad。
=添加kad节点信息=

点击Options>Web infos>Add Url输入nodes.gzip
=添加firefox for mldonkey插件=

下载地址：~dyna/mldonkey/