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分类: LINUX

2010-08-01 12:31:38

今天搭建编译环境的时候老是出错,现把一些问题以及解决方法记录下来。

make menuconfig错误:
运行到 HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
发生错误:
make[1]: *** [scripts/basic/fixdep] Error 1
make: *** [scripts_basic] Error 2
解决办法:apt-get install build-essential

运行到:HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
发生错误:
 *** Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the
 *** required header files.
 *** 'make menuconfig' requires the ncurses libraries.
 ***
 *** Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again.
 ***
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog] Error 1
make: *** [menuconfig] Error 2
解决办法:apt-get install build-essential

环境:debian 5.00 内核 2.6.26-1-686
问题:使用内核包编译驱动时常常提示如下:
WARNING: Symbol version dump /usr/src/linux-2.6.26/Module.symvers
           is missing; modules will have no dependencies and modversions.

原因:通常头核心包中是没有Module.symvers这个文件的,要想获取这个文件只能到下载相同版本核心(2.6.26-1-686)的头文件,是 下载不是apt-get install  !!!,只有下载的头文件中才有这个Module.symvers。把Module.symvers 复制到核心包中,然后执行如下步骤:make oldconfig && make prepare && make scripts。
然后重新编译驱动,将解决这个warning,同时也解决了版本不正确的问题


内核编译错误的一些解决办法

一:

invalid option `abi=aapcs-linux'选项错误
scripts/kconfig/conf -s arch/arm/Kconfig
CHK     include/linux/version.h
SYMLINK include/asm-arm/arch -> include/asm-arm/arch-s3c2410
make[1]: `include/asm-arm/mach-types.h' is up to date.
CHK     include/linux/utsrelease.h
CC      arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s
cc1: error: invalid option `abi=aapcs-linux'
make[1]: *** [arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s] Error 1
make: *** [prepare0] Error 2

解决方法:

You're building an EABI kernel with an OABI compiler. You can either turn off the EABI option in your config file (Kernel Features->Use EABI),or, you can use an EABI toolchain such as the ARM/GNU Linux one from < recommend the latter, because then you can run Arjan's new images.
上述的关掉EABI选项可以通过测试


二:

drivers/video/console/vgacon.o:987:warning:comparison is always true due to limited range of data type
make[3]:***[drivers/video/console/vgacon.o] error 1
make[2]:***[drivers/video/console2] error 2
make[1]:***[drivers/video1] error 2
make:***[drivers] error 2


解决方法:

在make menuconfig 时选哪个设备驱动的选项进去在选Graphics support ->
console display driver support->
vga text console(不选这个)
再编译就行了!

三:`rtc_lock'未定义错误(未完全解决)

方法:

drivers/built-in.o(.text+0x281e4):drivers/char/nvram.c:350: more undefined references to `rtc_lock' follow
查 找drivers/char/nvram.c有关的rtc_lock定义,发现2.6.21与以往的kernel不同,于是在包含文件中查找,在 include/linux/mc146818rtc.h中发现了rtc_lock的定义,但是有一个__KERNEL__的条件编译选项,去掉这个条件 编译选项,再make zImage,但是问题好像依然存在,继续在drivers/char/nvram.c中增加这个定义spinlock_t rtc_lock;再编译,发现编译通过。

四:

make zImage和make xipImage
Kernel configured for XIP (CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL=y)
Only the xipImage target is available in this case
make[1]: *** [arch/arm/boot/zImage] Error 1
make: *** [zImage] Error 2


解决方法:

好象是make menuconfig的时候Boot options--->Kernel Execte-In-Place from ROM选项问题,去掉这个选项编译通过(如果是make xopImage时則需要将这个选项选上),最终成功编译了make zImage。

五:

出现make:***[.tmp_vmlinux1] Error 1这类错误

 

解决方法:修改arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
[arm@localhost linux2.6.14]$
vi arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
将文件尾2条的ASSERT注释掉(1439行)
/* ASSERT((__proc_info_end __
proc_info_begin), "missing CPU support") */
/* ASSERT((__arch_info_end __
arch_info_begin), "no machine record defined") */
然后重新make zImage即可

 

 

六:

如果大家遇到一下几个问题可以参考本文:
a      make menuconfig
     1)     /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncurses
     解决办法:
     sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev
     2)     Your display is too small to run Menuconfig!
     解决办法:     窗口最大化
b
/usr/local/arm/bin/arm-linux-ld:arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds:782: parse error
make: *** [.tmp_vmlinux1] 错误 1

ld链接时产生错误
对应行:
/home/kevin/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
/* those must never be empty */
ASSERT((__proc_info_end - __proc_info_begin), "missing CPU support")
ASSERT((__arch_info_end - __arch_info_begin), "no machine record defined")
解决办法: 注释掉这两行


下面是编译时产生的一些信息

1' cross compile
     # CROSS_COMPILE specify the prefix used for all executables used
     # during compilation. Only gcc and related bin-utils executables
     # are prefixed with $(CROSS_COMPILE).
     # CROSS_COMPILE can be set on the command line
     # make CROSS_COMPILE=ia64-linux-
     # Alternatively CROSS_COMPILE can be set in the environment.
     # Default value for CROSS_COMPILE is not to prefix executables
     # Note: Some architectures assign CROSS_COMPILE in their arch/*/Makefile

     ARCH         := arm
     CROSS_COMPILE     := /usr/local/arm/bin/arm-linux-

2'
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make distclean

# distclean
#
.PHONY: distclean

distclean: mrproper
     @find $(srctree) $(RCS_FIND_IGNORE) \
          \( -name '*.orig' -o -name '*.rej' -o -name '*~' \
         -o -name '*.bak' -o -name '#*#' -o -name '.*.orig' \
          -o -name '.*.rej' -o -size 0 \
         -o -name '*%' -o -name '.*.cmd' -o -name 'core' \) \
         -type f -print | xargs rm -f
只是找到一些残存文件并删除;

3‘
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make menuconfig
   HOSTCC   scripts/basic/fixdep
scripts/basic/fixdep.c: 在函数‘parse_config_file’中:
scripts/basic/fixdep.c:245: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘use_config’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/fixdep.c: 在函数‘parse_dep_file’中:
scripts/basic/fixdep.c:299: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strchr’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/fixdep.c:299: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
   HOSTCC   scripts/basic/split-include
scripts/basic/split-include.c: 在函数‘main’中:
scripts/basic/split-include.c:113: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
   HOSTCC   scripts/basic/docproc
scripts/basic/docproc.c: 在函数‘find_export_symbols’中:
scripts/basic/docproc.c:184: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c:185: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c:202: 警告: 传递参数 2 (属于‘add_new_symbol’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c: 在函数‘singfunc’中:
scripts/basic/docproc.c:274: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/basic/docproc.c: 在函数‘parse_file’中:
scripts/basic/docproc.c:296: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.h
   HOSTCC   scripts/kconfig/conf.o
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘strip’中:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:46: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_askvalue’中:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:94: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘fgets’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_string’中:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:187: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:188: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_sym’中:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:236: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:248: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strcmp’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c: 在函数‘conf_choice’中:
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:350: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘fgets’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:360: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘atoi’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/conf.c:384: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘strlen’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
   HOSTCC   scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
   HOSTCC   scripts/kconfig/mconf.o
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘cprint1’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:337: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:339: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘vsprintf’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘cprint’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:357: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:359: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘vsprintf’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘search_conf’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:550: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘sym_re_search’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:761: 警告: 传递参数 2 (属于‘strcpy’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:765: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘sscanf’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_choice’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:915: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘sscanf’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:920: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘sscanf’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_string’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:961: 警告: 传递参数 2 (属于‘sym_set_string_value’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_load’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:990: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_read’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c: 在函数‘conf_save’中:
scripts/kconfig/mconf.c:1019: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_write’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
   SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
   HOSTCC   scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2125:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: 在函数‘conf_expand_value’中:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:39: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘__builtin_strchr’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:39: 警告: 对指针赋值时目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:40: 警告: 传递参数 2 (属于‘__builtin_strncat’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:51: 警告: 传递参数 2 (属于‘strcat’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: 在函数‘conf_get_default_confname’中:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:62: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_expand_value’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: 在函数‘conf_read’中:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:88: 警告: 传递参数 1 (属于‘conf_expand_value’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
   HOSTLD   scripts/kconfig/mconf
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lncurses
collect2: ld 返回 1
-e
>> Unable to find the Ncurses libraries.
>>
>> You must install ncurses-devel in order
>> to use 'make menuconfig'

make[2]: *** [scripts/lxdialog/ncurses] 错误 1
make[1]: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2
make: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2

分析, make menuconfig 机制
linux内核配置界面
make config是有问必答的方式,每个内核选项它都会问你要、不要、模块,选错了一个就必须从头再来一遍;make menuconfig提供一个基于文本的图形界面,它依赖于ncurses5这个包,键盘操作,可以修改选项,一般推荐用这个;make xconfig需要你有x window system支持,就是说你要在KDE、GNOME之类的X桌面环境下才可用,好处是支持鼠标,坏处是X本身占用系统周期,而且X环境容易引起编译器的不 稳定


缺少相应的文件
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ dpkg -l |grep ncurses
ii   libncurses5                                 5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2          Shared libraries for terminal handling
ii   libncursesw5                                5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2          Shared libraries for terminal handling (wide
ii   mtr-tiny                                    0.72-2ubuntu1                  Full screen ncurses traceroute tool
ii   ncurses-base                                5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2          Descriptions of common terminal types
ii   ncurses-bin                                 5.6+20071124-1ubuntu2          Terminal-related programs and man pages

kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12/scripts$ find . -type f |xargs grep [N,n]curses
./lxdialog/dialog.h: * Colors in ncurses 1.9.9e do not work properly since foreground and
./lxdialog/dialog.h: * of dialog was hacked to work with ncurses 1.9.9e, making it incompatible
./lxdialog/Makefile:HOST_LOADLIBES    := -lncurses
./lxdialog/Makefile:ifeq (/usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h, $(wildcard /usr/include/ncurses/ncurses.h))
./lxdialog/Makefile:         HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses -DCURSES_LOC=""
./lxdialog/Makefile:ifeq (/usr/include/ncurses/curses.h, $(wildcard /usr/include/ncurses/curses.h))
./lxdialog/Makefile:         HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -I/usr/include/ncurses -DCURSES_LOC=""
./lxdialog/Makefile:ifeq (/usr/include/ncurses.h, $(wildcard /usr/include/ncurses.h))
./lxdialog/Makefile:         HOST_EXTRACFLAGS += -DCURSES_LOC=""
./lxdialog/Makefile:always         := ncurses $(hostprogs-y)
./lxdialog/Makefile:.PHONY: $(obj)/ncurses
./lxdialog/Makefile:$(obj)/ncurses:
./lxdialog/Makefile:         echo ">> Unable to find the Ncurses libraries." ;\
./lxdialog/Makefile:         echo ">> You must install ncurses-devel in order" ;\
二进制文件 ./kconfig/mconf 匹配
二进制文件 ./kconfig/mconf.o 匹配
./kconfig/mconf.c:"export those variables via /etc/profile.   Some ncurses programs can\n"

在文件中调用:
.PHONY: $(obj)/ncurses
$(obj)/ncurses:
         @echo "main() {}" > lxtemp.c
         @if $(HOSTCC) lxtemp.c   $(HOST_LOADLIBES); then \
                 rm -f lxtemp.c a.out; \
         else \
                 rm -f lxtemp.c; \
                 echo -e "\007" ;\
                 echo ">> Unable to find the Ncurses libraries." ;\
                 echo ">>" ;\
                 echo ">> You must install ncurses-devel in order" ;\

HOST_LOADLIBES    := -lncurses


sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev

继续
scripts/lxdialog/lxdialog.c:211: 警告: 传递参数 2 (属于‘fprintf’) 给指针时,目标与指针符号不一致
   HOSTCC   scripts/lxdialog/menubox.o
   HOSTCC   scripts/lxdialog/msgbox.o
   HOSTCC   scripts/lxdialog/textbox.o
   HOSTCC   scripts/lxdialog/util.o
   HOSTCC   scripts/lxdialog/yesno.o
   HOSTLD   scripts/lxdialog/lxdialog
scripts/kconfig/mconf arch/arm/Kconfig
drivers/char/Kconfig:587: can't open file "drivers/char/watchdog/Kconfig" '
make[1]: *** [menuconfig] 错误 1
make: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2

重新解压

kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make menuconfig
scripts/kconfig/mconf arch/arm/Kconfig
#
# using defaults found in .config
#
Your display is too small to run Menuconfig!
It must be at least 19 lines by 80 columns.
make[1]: *** [menuconfig] 错误 1
make: *** [menuconfig] 错误 2


呵呵,原来窗口需要最大化

导入配置文件

make zImage

kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make zImage
   CHK      include/linux/version.h
make[1]: “arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s”是最新的。
make[1]: “include/asm-arm/mach-types.h”是最新的。
   CHK      include/linux/compile.h
   CHK      usr/initramfs_list
   GEN      .version
   CHK      include/linux/compile.h
   UPD      include/linux/compile.h
   CC       init/version.o
   LD       init/built-in.o
   LD       .tmp_vmlinux1
/usr/local/arm/bin/arm-linux-ld:arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds:782: parse error
make: *** [.tmp_vmlinux1] 错误 1

ld链接时产生错误
对应行:
/home/kevin/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12/arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds
/* those must never be empty */
ASSERT((__proc_info_end - __proc_info_begin), "missing CPU support")
ASSERT((__arch_info_end - __arch_info_begin), "no machine record defined")

ld用法:


   For the moment, I recommend commenting out those lines, and checking
manually that you have proc and arch info in your final vmlinux image.


注视掉这两行;
kevin@kevin-desktop:~/ARMSystem/linux-2.6.12$ make zImage
   CHK      include/linux/version.h
make[1]: “arch/arm/kernel/asm-offsets.s”是最新的。
make[1]: “include/asm-arm/mach-types.h”是最新的。
   CHK      include/linux/compile.h
   CHK      usr/initramfs_list
   GEN      .version
   CHK      include/linux/compile.h
   UPD      include/linux/compile.h
   CC       init/version.o
   LD       init/built-in.o
   LD       .tmp_vmlinux1
   KSYM     .tmp_kallsyms1.S
   AS       .tmp_kallsyms1.o
   LD       .tmp_vmlinux2
   KSYM     .tmp_kallsyms2.S
   AS       .tmp_kallsyms2.o
   LD       vmlinux
   SYSMAP   System.map
   SYSMAP   .tmp_System.map
   OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/Image
   Kernel: arch/arm/boot/Image is ready
   AS       arch/arm/boot/compressed/head.o
   GZIP     arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.gz
   AS       arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.o
   CC       arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.o
In file included from include/asm/arch/uncompress.h:29,
                  from arch/arm/boot/compressed/misc.c:23:
include/asm/arch/regs-gpio.h:856:29: warning: no newline at end of file
   LD       arch/arm/boot/compressed/vmlinux
   OBJCOPY arch/arm/boot/zImage
   Kernel: arch/arm/boot/zImage is ready

内核编译成功



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ggq19922015-06-28 14:23:05

thank you。。