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很多人对qmail smtp的认证机制，环境变量，执行顺序不太了解。
仔细看完这一大篇代码后相信你会明白很多你过去不太明白的问题。
当然你要有一点点c语言基础。也只要一点点。
Come from: ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd
这份文件还不完善，如果您完善了它请发一份给我:
这份文件是给想深入了解qmail和想hacker qmail的人读的,如果你只是想建立一个能够运作的mail服务器,没有必要读下去了。它将浪费你很多的时间。
如果你对qmail控制文件还不是很了解，阅读这份文件之前，请先阅读rainbow的《qmail控制文件详解》
在这里你可以找到
好的。开始我们qmail内部的漫游吧！！！Let's go!
代码:
qmail 总览
tcpserver MUA
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V V
qmail-smtpd qmail-inject
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+----------->qmail-queue<-----------+
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qmail-send
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+------------+------------+
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V V
qmail-rspawn qmail-lspawn
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V V
qmail-remote qmail-local
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V V
INTERNET <----qmail-pop3d
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vchkpw
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qmail-popup
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tcpserver--+
qmail-smtpd.c源代码分析(去掉了所有include)
qmail-smtpd是由tcpserver或由tcp-env启动。tcpserver负责监听端口，如果指定了-x rule.cbd，tcpserver会先决断是断开连接还是启动qmail子进程。如果没有指定-x参数启动tcpserver,那么直接启动 qmail-smtpd.启动qmail-smtpd之前将来自网络的数据连接重定向到qmail-smtpd的fd0,fd1.还会初始化一些 qmail-smtpd需要的环境变量，如TCPREMOTEIP.
tcp-env只会初始化qmail-smtpd的环境变量,不负责监听端口及重定向网络连接。所以tcp-env要和inetd配合使用。当然，由于初始化环境变量的工作tcpserver也会作，所以没有必要tcpserver和tcp-env配合使用.
qmail-smtpd完成邮件smtp命令的接收，并调用相应的处理程序。
检查mail 中的地址是否在control/badmailfrom中定义(MAIL命令)
检查是否设置了RELAYCLIENT环境变量或 rcpt 中的地址是否是control/rcpthosts中定义(RCPT命令)
需要明确的是qmail-smtpd只是简单的接收邮件内容传送给qmail-queue,并不对邮件进行转发(DATA命令)。
当然还要向qmail-queue传送mailfrom,mailto
代码:
#define MAXHOPS 100
unsigned int databytes = 0; //邮件最大长度：0=无限
int timeout = 1200; //默认超时20分钟
//向网络写，超时值为control/timeoutsmtpd指定的值。没有这个文件则取默认值20分钟
int safewrite(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;
{
int r;
r = timeoutwrite(timeout,fd,buf,len);
if (r <= 0) _exit(1);
return r;
}
char ssoutbuf[512];
substdio ssout = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(safewrite,1,ssoutbuf,sizeof ssoutbuf);
void flush() { substdio_flush(&ssout); }
void out(s) char *s; { substdio_puts(&ssout,s); }
//错误处理函数
void die_read() { _exit(1); }
void die_alarm() { out("451 timeout (#4.4.2)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }
void die_nomem() { out("421 out of memory (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }
void die_control() { out("421 unable to read controls (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }
void die_ipme() { out("421 unable to figure out my IP addresses (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }
void straynewline() { out("451 See "); flush(); _exit(1); }
void err_bmf() { out("553 sorry, your envelope sender is in my badmailfrom list (#5.7.1)\r\n"); }
void err_nogateway() { out("553 sorry, that domain isn't in my list of allowed rcpthosts (#5.7.1)\r\n"); }
void err_unimpl() { out("502 unimplemented (#5.5.1)\r\n"); }
void err_syntax() { out("555 syntax error (#5.5.4)\r\n"); }
void err_wantmail() { out("503 MAIL first (#5.5.1)\r\n"); }
void err_wantrcpt() { out("503 RCPT first (#5.5.1)\r\n"); }
void err_noop() { out("250 ok\r\n"); }
void err_vrfy() { out("252 send some mail, i'll try my best\r\n"); }
void err_qqt() { out("451 qqt failure (#4.3.0)\r\n"); }
stralloc greeting = {0};
//输出提示信息*code
void smtp_greet(code) char *code;
{
substdio_puts(&ssout,code);
substdio_put(&ssout,greeting.s,greeting.len);
}
void smtp_help()
{
out("214 qmail home page: ");
}
void smtp_quit()
{
smtp_greet("221 "); out("\r\n"); flush(); _exit(0);
}
char *remoteip; //远端ip地址
char *remotehost; //远端主机名
char *remoteinfo; //远端信息
char *local; //本地主机
char *relayclient; //是否检查rcpthosts文件
stralloc helohost = {0};
char *fakehelo; /* pointer into helohost, or 0 */
void dohelo(arg) char *arg; {
if (!stralloc_copys(&helohost,arg)) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_0(&helohost)) die_nomem();
//fakehelo变量，如果helo 参数指定的主机名与TCPREMOTEHOST环境变量中的主机名不同则
//fakehelo的值为helo命令的参数指定的主机名.如果两者相同则fekehelo为NULL;
//data命令处理程式用到这个变量
fakehelo = case_diffs(remotehost,helohost.s) ? helohost.s : 0;
}
int liphostok = 0;
stralloc liphost = {0};
int bmfok = 0;
stralloc bmf = {0};
struct constmap mapbmf;
void setup()
{
char *x;
unsigned long u;
if (control_init() == -1) die_control(); //control/me
//读入欢迎信息greeting，如果不存在则从me文件复制
if (control_rldef(&greeting,"control/smtpgreeting",1,(char *) 0) != 1)
die_control();
//读入localiphost,如果文件不存在则从me文件复制
liphostok = control_rldef(&liphost,"control/localiphost",1,(char *) 0);
if (liphostok == -1) die_control();
//读control/timeoutsmtpd存入timeout,用于控制超时的情况.
if (control_readint(&timeout,"control/timeoutsmtpd") == -1) die_control();
if (timeout <= 0) timeout = 1;
if (rcpthosts_init() == -1) die_control();
//读入badmailfrom文件存入 bmf
bmfok = control_readfile(&bmf,"control/badmailfrom",0);
if (bmfok == -1) die_control();
if (bmfok)
if (!constmap_init(&mapbmf,bmf.s,bmf.len,0)) die_nomem();
//读入databytes文件存入 databytes,如果该文件不存在，则将
//databytes的值设为0.
if (control_readint(&databytes,"control/databytes") == -1) die_control();
x = env_get("DATABYTES");
if (x) { scan_ulong(x,&u); databytes = u; }
if (!(databytes + 1)) --databytes;
//取tcp-environ环境变量，如果环境变量没有设置,将它的值设置为unknow.
//这些信息来自tcpserver,或tcp-env之类的程式
remoteip = env_get("TCPREMOTEIP");
if (!remoteip) remoteip = "unknown";
local = env_get("TCPLOCALHOST");
if (!local) local = env_get("TCPLOCALIP");
if (!local) local = "unknown";
remotehost = env_get("TCPREMOTEHOST");
if (!remotehost) remotehost = "unknown";
remoteinfo = env_get("TCPREMOTEINFO");
//从环境变量RELAYCLIENT读入.
//如果RELAYCLIENT变量没有设置那么relayclient将会是NULL.
relayclient = env_get("RELAYCLIENT");
dohelo(remotehost);
}
stralloc addr = {0}; /* will be 0-terminated, if addrparse returns 1 */
//对命令参数arg进行邮件地址分析
//并将分离出的email地址存入全局缓存addr
//成功返回值为1,失败返回0
int addrparse(arg)
char *arg;
{
int i;
char ch;
char terminator;
struct ip_address ip;
int flagesc;
int flagquoted;
//分离出邮件地址
//例如: arg="<>",或 arg=": "
//执行下面这段程式后arg=""
terminator = '>';
i = str_chr(arg,'<');
if (arg[i])
arg += i + 1;
else { /* partner should go read rfc 821 */
terminator = ' ';
arg += str_chr(arg,':');
if (*arg == ':') ++arg;
while (*arg == ' ') ++arg;
}
/* strip source route */
if (*arg == ) while (*arg) if (*arg++ == ':') break;
if (!stralloc_copys(&addr,"")) die_nomem();
flagesc = 0;
flagquoted = 0;
for (i = 0;ch = arg[i];++i) { /* copy arg to addr, stripping quotes */
if (flagesc) {
if (!stralloc_append(&addr,&ch)) die_nomem();
flagesc = 0;
}
else {
if (!flagquoted && (ch == terminator)) break;
switch(ch) {
case '\': flagesc = 1; break;
case '"': flagquoted = !flagquoted; break;
default: if (!stralloc_append(&addr,&ch)) die_nomem();
}
}
}
/* could check for termination failure here, but why bother? */
if (!stralloc_append(&addr,"")) die_nomem();
//将ip地址转换为主机名:
//如 ] 转换为
//依据是control/localiphost文件中有host.mydomain.org
if (liphostok) {
i = byte_rchr(addr.s,addr.len,'@');
if (i < addr.len) /* if not, partner should go read rfc 821 */
if (addr.s[i + 1] == '[')//比较是否是用[]括起来的IP地址
if (!addr.s[i + 1 + ip_scanbracket(addr.s + i + 1,&ip)])
if (ipme_is(&ip)) {
addr.len = i + 1;
if (!stralloc_cat(&addr,&liphost)) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_0(&addr)) die_nomem();
}
}
if (addr.len > 900) return 0; //地址太长，出错返回
return 1;//成功返回
}
//简单的垃圾邮件检查
//检查全局缓冲区addr中的地址是否有在badmailfrom中定义，
//如果有则返回 1,否则返回 0.
int bmfcheck()
{
int j;
if (!bmfok) return 0;
if (constmap(&mapbmf,addr.s,addr.len - 1)) return 1;
j = byte_rchr(addr.s,addr.len,'@');
if (j < addr.len)
if (constmap(&mapbmf,addr.s + j,addr.len - j - 1)) return 1;
return 0;
}
//检查全局缓存addr中的邮件地址是否要进行转发(依据control/rcpthosts文件)
//可以进行转发返回1
//拒绝转发返回0
int addrallowed()
{
int r;
r = rcpthosts(addr.s,str_len(addr.s));
if (r == -1) die_control();
return r;
}
int seenmail = 0;
int flagbarf; /* defined if seenmail */
stralloc mailfrom = {0};
stralloc rcptto = {0};
void smtp_helo(arg) char *arg;
{
smtp_greet("250 "); out("\r\n");
seenmail = 0; dohelo(arg);
}
void smtp_ehlo(arg) char *arg;
{
smtp_greet("250-"); out("\r\n250-PIPELINING\r\n250 8BITMIME\r\n");
seenmail = 0; dohelo(arg);
}
//重新初始化
//调用helo或ehlo命令都会完成相同的功能
void smtp_rset()
{
seenmail = 0;
out("250 flushed\r\n");
}
//mail命令解释程式. 重要变量: [mailfrom /全局]
//该函数完成检查mailfrom是否在badmailfrom中定义
//设置标志指明mail命令已经执行
void smtp_mail(arg) char *arg;
{
if (!addrparse(arg)) { err_syntax(); return; }
flagbarf = bmfcheck(); //检查是否badmailfrom,如果是设置相应标志，这个标志在rcpt命令的处理程式中才起作用
seenmail = 1;//指示已经执行过mail命令.
if (!stralloc_copys(&rcptto,"")) die_nomem();//分配rcptto缓冲区
if (!stralloc_copys(&mailfrom,addr.s)) die_nomem();//复制mail命令中指定的地址到mailfrom
if (!stralloc_0(&mailfrom)) die_nomem();
out("250 ok\r\n");
}
//rcpt命令解释程式. 重要变量: [ rcptto /全局]
void smtp_rcpt(arg) char *arg; {
if (!seenmail) { err_wantmail(); return; }//mail命令是否已执行?
if (!addrparse(arg)) { err_syntax(); return; }//分离邮件地址参数存入全局缓存addr
if (flagbarf) { err_bmf(); return; }//如果mail命令中的地址在control/badmailfrom中有定义,返回
//至此addr缓存中包含了rcpt命令指定的email地址.
//如果rcpt <>命令，则有addr="".这个变量是在addrparse函数中符值的
//如果 RELAYCLIENT 环境变量设置将不进行rcpthosts,morercpthosts.cdb的比较
//注意,打过smtp认证补丁，如果通过认证后会设置relayclient=""
if (relayclient) {
--addr.len;
if (!stralloc_cats(&addr,relayclient)) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_0(&addr)) die_nomem();
}
else//如果没有指定RELAYCLIENT变量，则由control/rcpthosts决定是否进行转发
if (!addrallowed()) { err_nogateway(); return; }
//生成头连接到全局缓存rcptto:
//例如地址'rcpt 命令将产生 rcptto=">"
//多次执行rcpt命令效果会是rcptto=">"
if (!stralloc_cats(&rcptto,"T")) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_cats(&rcptto,addr.s)) die_nomem();
if (!stralloc_0(&rcptto)) die_nomem();
out("250 ok\r\n");
}
//saferead,从网络读len个字节到buf缓冲区
//返回实际读到的字节数.
//超时值为control/timeoutsmtpd文件中指定的值。见setup()函数.(默认值1200秒)
int saferead(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;
{
int r;
flush();
r = timeoutread(timeout,fd,buf,len);
if (r == -1) if (errno == error_timeout) die_alarm();
if (r <= 0) die_read();
return r;
}
char ssinbuf[1024];
substdio ssin = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(saferead,0,ssinbuf,sizeof ssinbuf);
struct qmail qqt;
unsigned int bytestooverflow = 0;
void put(ch)
char *ch;
{
if (bytestooverflow)
if (!--bytestooverflow)
qmail_fail(&qqt);
qmail_put(&qqt,ch,1);
}
void blast(hops)
int *hops;
{
char ch;
int state;
int flaginheader;
int pos; /* number of bytes since most recent \n, if fih */
int flagmaybex; /* 1 if this line might match RECEIVED, if fih */
int flagmaybey; /* 1 if this line might match \r\n, if fih */
int flagmaybez; /* 1 if this line might match DELIVERED, if fih */
state = 1;
*hops = 0;
flaginheader = 1;
pos = 0; flagmaybex = flagmaybey = flagmaybez = 1;
for (;;) {
substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1);//从标准输入(也就是网络)读邮件内容直到读到仅有一个点的行.
if (flaginheader) {
if (pos < 9) {
if (ch != "delivered"[pos]) if (ch != "DELIVERED"[pos]) flagmaybez = 0;
if (flagmaybez) if (pos == 8) ++*hops;
if (pos < 8)
if (ch != "received"[pos]) if (ch != "RECEIVED"[pos]) flagmaybex = 0;
if (flagmaybex) if (pos == 7) ++*hops;
if (pos < 2) if (ch != "\r\n"[pos]) flagmaybey = 0;
if (flagmaybey) if (pos == 1) flaginheader = 0;
}
++pos;
if (ch == '\n') { pos = 0; flagmaybex = flagmaybey = flagmaybez = 1; }
}
switch(state) {
case 0:
if (ch == '\n') straynewline();
if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }
break;
case 1: /* \r\n */
if (ch == '\n') straynewline();
if (ch == '.') { state = 2; continue; }
if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }
state = 0;
break;
case 2: /* \r\n + . */
if (ch == '\n') straynewline();
if (ch == '\r') { state = 3; continue; }
state = 0;
break;
case 3: /* \r\n + .\r */
if (ch == '\n') return;
put(".");
put("\r");
if (ch == '\r') { state = 4; continue; }
state = 0;
break;
case 4: /* + \r */
if (ch == '\n') { state = 1; break; }
if (ch != '\r') { put("\r"); state = 0; }
}
put(&ch);
}
}
char accept_buf[FMT_ULONG];
void acceptmessage(qp) unsigned long qp;
{
datetime_sec when;
when = now();
out("250 ok ");
accept_buf[fmt_ulong(accept_buf,(unsigned long) when)] = 0;
out(accept_buf);
out(" qp ");
accept_buf[fmt_ulong(accept_buf,qp)] = 0;
out(accept_buf);
out("\r\n");
}
//data 命令解释程式
//完成向qmail-queue投递邮件
void smtp_data() {
int hops;
unsigned long qp;
char *qqx;
if (!seenmail) { err_wantmail(); return; } //如果没有执行过mail命令，出错返回
if (!rcptto.len) { err_wantrcpt(); return; } //如果没有执行rcpt命令，出错返回
seenmail = 0; //将mail命令标志失效,
//databytes 邮件最大长度，如果没有指定那么它的值将是0
if (databytes) bytestooverflow = databytes + 1;
if (qmail_open(&qqt) == -1) { err_qqt(); return; }//建立子进程执行qmail-queue
qp = qmail_qp(&qqt); //qp 为qmail-queue process缩写，it's a process id.
out("354 go ahead\r\n");
//向新建立的进程传送邮件头
received(&qqt,"SMTP",local,remoteip,remotehost,remoteinfo,fakehelo);
blast(&hops);
hops = (hops >= MAXHOPS);
if (hops) qmail_fail(&qqt);
//向qmail-queue传送邮件头信息.
//如果 向 发送邮件，那么向qmail-queue传送的字符串将是
// >
qmail_from(&qqt,mailfrom.s);
qmail_put(&qqt,rcptto.s,rcptto.len);
qqx = qmail_close(&qqt);
if (!*qqx) { acceptmessage(qp); return; }//如果接收成功
if (hops) { out("554 too many hops, this message is looping (#5.4.6)\r\n"); return; }
if (databytes) if (!bytestooverflow) { out("552 sorry, that message size exceeds my databytes limit (#5.3.4)\r\n"); return; }
if (*qqx == 'D') out("554 "); else out("451 ");
out(qqx + 1);
out("\r\n");
}
//smtp命令处理函数表
struct commands smtpcommands[] = {
{ "rcpt", smtp_rcpt, 0 }
, { "mail", smtp_mail, 0 }
, { "data", smtp_data, flush } //建立子进程执行qamil-queue，并向其传送邮件.
, { "quit", smtp_quit, flush }
, { "helo", smtp_helo, flush }
, { "ehlo", smtp_ehlo, flush }
, { "rset", smtp_rset, 0 }
, { "help", smtp_help, flush }
, { "noop", err_noop, flush } //实际上未实现的命令
, { "vrfy", err_vrfy, flush } //实际上未实现的命令
, { 0, err_unimpl, flush } //命令错误
} ;
/*
qmail-smtpd 是由tcpserver,或tcp-env之类的程式启动
tcpserver,tcp-env将来自网络的连接重定向到qmail-smtpd的标准输入及标准输出.这些程式建立一些环境变量(如TCPREMOTEHOST,TCPREMOTEIP)将由setup()函数使用
*/
void main()
{
sig_pipeignore();//忽略信号.
if (chdir(auto_qmail) == -1) die_control();//改变当前目录到 /var/qmail.
setup();//读控制文件及相应的环境变量.
if (ipme_init() != 1) die_ipme(); //取本地接口的IP地址:
smtp_greet("220 "); //显示欢迎信息.
out(" ESMTP\r\n");
//从标准输入(网络连接)读入smtp命令.
if (commands(&ssin,&smtpcommands) == 0) die_read();
die_nomem();
}
==完==
qmail-queue源代码分析
Programmer:夜未眠
Comefrom:ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd
程序主要完成的功能是：
1.生成自已的邮件首部，也就是你在邮件头中见到的类似下面的东西
Recevied (qmail 855 invoked by uid 0); 2 May 2003 12:18:09 -0000
2.建立3个文件
queue/mess// //邮件正文
queue/intd/ 用户id,进程id,mailfrom,rcptto
queue/todo/ 是intd目录下文件的复本.
3.写命名管道lock/trigger通知新邮件
代码:
#define DEATH 86400 /* 24 hours; _must_ be below q-s's OSSIFIED (36 hours) */
#define ADDR 1003
char inbuf[2048];
struct substdio ssin;
char outbuf[256];
struct substdio ssout;
datetime_sec starttime;
struct datetime dt;
unsigned long mypid;
unsigned long uid;
char *pidfn;
struct stat pidst;
unsigned long messnum;
char *messfn;
char *todofn;
char *intdfn;
int messfd;
int intdfd;
int flagmademess = 0;
int flagmadeintd = 0;
//错误清理
void cleanup()
{
if (flagmadeintd)
{
seek_trunc(intdfd,0);
if (unlink(intdfn) == -1) return;
}
if (flagmademess)
{
seek_trunc(messfd,0);
if (unlink(messfn) == -1) return;
}
}
void die(e) int e; { _exit(e); }
void die_write() { cleanup(); die(53); }
void die_read() { cleanup(); die(54); }
void sigalrm() { /* thou shalt not clean up here */ die(52); }
void sigbug() { die(81); }
unsigned int receivedlen;
char *received;
static unsigned int receivedfmt(s)
char *s;
{
unsigned int i;
unsigned int len;
len = 0;
/*生成
/* "Received: (qmail-queue invoked by alias); 26 Sep 1995 04:46:54 -0000\n" */
[日 月 年 时 分 秒]
的形式.
*/
i = fmt_str(s,"Received: (qmail "); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_ulong(s,mypid); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_str(s," invoked "); len += i; if (s) s += i;
if (uid == auto_uida)
{ i = fmt_str(s,"by alias"); len += i; if (s) s += i; }
else if (uid == auto_uidd)
{ i = fmt_str(s,"from network"); len += i; if (s) s += i; }
else if (uid == auto_uids)
{ i = fmt_str(s,"for bounce"); len += i; if (s) s += i; }
else
{
i = fmt_str(s,"by uid "); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_ulong(s,uid); len += i; if (s) s += i;
}
i = fmt_str(s,"); "); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = date822fmt(s,&dt); len += i; if (s) s += i;
return len;
}
void received_setup()
{
receivedlen = receivedfmt((char *) 0);
received = alloc(receivedlen + 1);
if (!received) die(51);
receivedfmt(received);
}
unsigned int pidfmt(s,seq)
char *s;
unsigned long seq;
{
unsigned int i;
unsigned int len;
//生成类型pid/3434.34242424.1的字符串到s中
//这个字符串实际上就是/var/qmail/queue/pid目录下一个文件名。指示当前进程的pid.
len = 0;
i = fmt_str(s,"pid/"); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_ulong(s,mypid); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_str(s,"."); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_ulong(s,starttime); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_str(s,"."); len += i; if (s) s += i;
i = fmt_ulong(s,seq); len += i; if (s) s += i;
++len; if (s) *s++ = 0;
return len;
}
char *fnnum(dirslash,flagsplit)
char *dirslash;
int flagsplit;
{
char *s;
s = alloc(fmtqfn((char *) 0,dirslash,messnum,flagsplit));
if (!s) die(51);
fmtqfn(s,dirslash,messnum,flagsplit);
return s;
}
void pidopen() //建立类似/var/run/inet.pid之类的进程id文件.
{
unsigned int len;
unsigned long seq;
seq = 1;
len = pidfmt((char *) 0,seq);
pidfn = alloc(len);
if (!pidfn) die(51);
for (seq = 1;seq < 10;++seq)
{
if (pidfmt((char *) 0,seq) > len) die(81); /* paranoia */
pidfmt(pidfn,seq);
messfd = open_excl(pidfn);
if (messfd != -1) return;
}
die(63);
}
char tmp[FMT_ULONG];
void main()
{
unsigned int len;
char ch;
sig_blocknone();
umask(033);
if (chdir(auto_qmail) == -1) die(61);
if (chdir("queue") == -1) die(62);//改变工作目录到/var/qmail/queue
mypid = getpid();
uid = getuid();
starttime = now();
datetime_tai(&dt,starttime);//将起始时间转换为可读年月日时分秒的形式
//生成自已的邮件头存入缓存reseived中
//例如: received="Received: (qmail 3434 invoked by 34434); Apr 27 2003 14:55:34"
received_setup();
sig_pipeignore();
sig_miscignore();
sig_alarmcatch(sigalrm);//捕捉alarm信号,控制超时
sig_bugcatch(sigbug);
alarm(DEATH); //超时秒数，缺省值是86400(24小时) 后错误返回52
pidopen();//建立进程id文件
if (fstat(messfd,&pidst) == -1) die(63);
messnum = pidst.st_ino; //进程id文件的inode节点号
/*生成将要建立的文件的文件名
几个文件都是根据刚才建立的pid文件的inode节点号命名的.inode不可能被两个文件同时占用，这保证了邮件唯一性。
其中mess目录下的文件放置有一个%23的问题，
tips: 因为是%23所以该目录名最大的可能只有22，明白queue/mess目录下目录为什么最大只22了吧
比如说inode节点号为3455,那么3455%23=5,那么将生成/var/qmail/queue/mess/5/3455 这样一个文件来存放邮件。
/var/qmail/queue/todo/3455与/var/qmail/queue/intd/3455是相同的,都是保存用户id,进程id,mailfrom,rcptto的。
*/
messfn = fnnum("mess/",1); //解释为message file name
todofn = fnnum("todo/",0); //todo file name
intdfn = fnnum("intd/",0); //intd file name
if (link(pidfn,messfn) == -1) die(64);
if (unlink(pidfn) == -1) die(63);
//进程id文件使命很快结束，死掉了
//所以你不应该想在queue/pid目录中找到进程id文件。
//另外,qmail-clean也将定期清理queue/pid目录下的pid文件，说定期其实也不是，qmail-clean会在每收到30个清理邮件的请求后清理pid目录一次.这在分析qmail-clean时我们将会看到.
flagmademess = 1;
//fd1关联到写mess/下新建的文件。 通过管道连接<--------qmail-smtp 的 qqt->fde
//也就是说qmail-smtpd进程写它的qqt-fde，那就相当于写mess/下新建立的邮件
//注意是关联不是正式写
substdio_fdbuf(&ssout,write,messfd,outbuf,sizeof(outbuf));
//fd0关联到读标准输入到缓存区inbuf 通过管道连接 <---------qmail-smtp 的 qqt->fdm
//也就是说读ssin将从qmail-smtpd的qqt->fdm端读
substdio_fdbuf(&ssin,read,0,inbuf,sizeof(inbuf));
//向mess/下的邮件文件写qmail-queue的头部信息
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,received,receivedlen) == -1) die_write();
//从fd1读smtpd设置的邮件首部
switch(substdio_copy(&ssout,&ssin))
{
case -2: die_read();
case -3: die_write();
}
if (substdio_flush(&ssout) == -1) die_write();
if (fsync(messfd) == -1) die_write();
intdfd = open_excl(intdfn);
if (intdfd == -1) die(65);
flagmadeintd = 1;
//fd1关联到写intd/下新建立的文件 fd0关联到读inbuff缓冲区
substdio_fdbuf(&ssout,write,intdfd,outbuf,sizeof(outbuf));
substdio_fdbuf(&ssin,read,1,inbuf,sizeof(inbuf));
/*
向intd下新建立的文件写如下格式内容
这些内容来自于qmail-smtpd.c中的data命令的解释函数。
u[uid]p[pid]F[mailfrom]T[rcptto1][rcptto2][rcptton]
例如:lyx@hg.org向和发邮件可能会有如下内容
u6027p34234Flyx@hg.orgThong@hg.orgTbeggar@hg.org
*/
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"u",1) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,tmp,fmt_ulong(tmp,uid)) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"",1) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"p",1) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,tmp,fmt_ulong(tmp,mypid)) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,"",1) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();
if (ch != 'F') die(91);
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();
for (len = 0;len < ADDR;++len)
{
if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();
if (substdio_put(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();
if (!ch) break;
}
//如有多个邮件接收人时,这些接收人的地址总不长度不能超过1023字节，如果每个邮件地址约为15个字节的话，
//大约可能指定65个
if (len >= ADDR) die(11);
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,QUEUE_EXTRA,QUEUE_EXTRALEN) == -1) die_write();
for (;;)
{
if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();
if (!ch) break;
if (ch != 'T') die(91);
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();
for (len = 0;len < ADDR;++len)
{
if (substdio_get(&ssin,&ch,1) < 1) die_read();
if (substdio_bput(&ssout,&ch,1) == -1) die_write();
if (!ch) break;
}
if (len >= ADDR) die(11);
}
if (substdio_flush(&ssout) == -1) die_write();
if (fsync(intdfd) == -1) die_write();
//复制intdfn到todofn 由此可见这两个是相同的文件
if (link(intdfn,todofn) == -1) die(66);
triggerpull(); //向命名管道 /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger写一个字节(写的是0),通知有新的邮件
die(0); //退出
}
==完==
qmail-popup.c分析
Programmer:夜未眠
Come from:ChongQing Gearbox co.,ltd
qmail-popup也是由tcpserver或tcp-env之类的程式启动。这些程式是通过管道与qmail-popup通信的。这也是qmail 的美妙之处，总观整个qmail源代码，除少量dns代码外。基本上没有使用网络编程。各个进程间大部分都是通管道通信。把监听，读写网络部分交给 inetd或tcpserver来作。使得qmail代码相当容易阅读理解。
主要功能:
1.从网络读pop3命令，进行相应处理。
2.调用子进程(vchkpw或checkpassword，具体是哪一个由你在运行参数中指定,当然，仔细分析完doanddie函数后你也许就能编写自己的checkpw了，呵呵)完成检验密码，启动qmail-pop3d的工作
重要的函数是doanddie. 理解这个函数基本上就能理解qmail pop密码的检验流程。
几个程式间的关系是：
代码:
tcpserver---->qmail-popup---->vchkpw----认证成功--->qmail-pop3d
| |
| |
<---------- 认证失败-----------+
==========================
代码:
void die() { _exit(1); }
int saferead(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;
{
int r;
r = timeoutread(1200,fd,buf,len);
if (r <= 0) die();
return r;
}
int safewrite(fd,buf,len) int fd; char *buf; int len;
{
int r;
r = timeoutwrite(1200,fd,buf,len);
if (r <= 0) die();
return r;
}
char ssoutbuf[128];
substdio ssout = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(safewrite,1,ssoutbuf,sizeof ssoutbuf);
char ssinbuf[128];
substdio ssin = SUBSTDIO_FDBUF(saferead,0,ssinbuf,sizeof ssinbuf);
void puts(s) char *s;
{
substdio_puts(&ssout,s);
}
void flush()
{
substdio_flush(&ssout);
}
void err(s) char *s;
{
puts("-ERR ");
puts(s);
puts("\r\n");
flush();
}
void die_usage() { err("usage: popup hostname subprogram"); die(); }
void die_nomem() { err("out of memory"); die(); }
void die_pipe() { err("unable to open pipe"); die(); }
void die_write() { err("unable to write pipe"); die(); }
void die_fork() { err("unable to fork"); die(); }
void die_childcrashed() { err("aack, child crashed"); }
void die_badauth() { err("authorization failed"); }
void err_syntax() { err("syntax error"); }
void err_wantuser() { err("USER first"); }
void err_authoriz() { err("authorization first"); }
void okay() { puts("+OK \r\n"); flush(); }
void pop3_quit() { okay(); die(); }
//FMT_ULONG 40 /* enough space to hold 2^128 - 1 in decimal, plus \0 */
char unique[FMT_ULONG + FMT_ULONG + 3];
char *hostname;
stralloc username = {0};
int seenuser = 0;
char **childargs;
substdio ssup;
char upbuf[128];
void doanddie(user,userlen,pass)
char *user;
unsigned int userlen; /* including 0 byte */
char *pass;
{
int child;
int wstat;
int pi[2];
if (fd_copy(2,1) == -1) die_pipe();//关闭出错(fd2)，将标准输出(fd1),定向到标准出错(fd2)
close(3);
if (pipe(pi) == -1) die_pipe();
if (pi[0] != 3) die_pipe(); //确保向子进程能够读到硬编码的fd 3
switch(child = fork()) { //建立子进程执行subprogram给出的程式，一般是一个检验用户名和密码的程式
case -1:
die_fork();
case 0:
close(pi[1]);
sig_pipedefault();//子进程执行checkpassword或vchkpw之类的程式，检验密码，如果认证通过
execvp(*childargs,childargs);//这些再调用qmail-pop3d
_exit(1);
}
//父进程向子进程的fd3传送用户名及密码,这是一个约定。如果你要写自已的检验密码的程式，记得
//从fd3读密码哦。
close(pi[0]);
substdio_fdbuf(&ssup,write,pi[1],upbuf,sizeof upbuf);
if (substdio_put(&ssup,user,userlen) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_put(&ssup,pass,str_len(pass) + 1) == -1) die_write();
//父进程向子进程传送<进程ID.当前时间@主机名>
if (substdio_puts(&ssup,"<") == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_puts(&ssup,unique) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_puts(&ssup,hostname) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_put(&ssup,">",2) == -1) die_write();
if (substdio_flush(&ssup) == -1) die_write();
close(pi[1]);
//清除密码及用户名缓冲区
byte_zero(pass,str_len(pass));
byte_zero(upbuf,sizeof upbuf);
if (wait_pid(&wstat,child) == -1) die();//等待子进程结束
if (wait_crashed(wstat)) die_childcrashed();
if (wait_exitcode(wstat)) die_badauth();
//完成一次pop3对话退出
die();
} | 