Linux Kernel 2.6.20[Documentation/early-userspace/Readme]

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The kernel has currently 3 ways to mount the root filesystem:

 

a) all required device and filesystem drivers compiled into the kernel, no initrd.  init/main.c:init() will call prepare_namespace() to mount the final root filesystem, based on the root= option and optional init= to run some other init binary than listed at the end of init/main.c:init().

 

b) some device and filesystem drivers built as modules and stored in an initrd.  The initrd must contain a binary '/linuxrc' which is supposed to load these driver modules.  It is also possible to mount the final root filesystem via linuxrc and use the pivot_root syscall.  The initrd is mounted and executed via repare_namespace().

 

c) using initramfs.  The call to prepare_namespace() must be skipped. This means that a binary must do all the work.  Said binary can be stored into initramfs either via modifying usr/gen_init_cpio.c or via the new initrd format, an cpio archive.  It must be called "/init".  This binary is responsible to do all the things prepare_namespace() would do. To remain backwards compatibility, the /init binary will only run if it comes via an initramfs cpio archive.  If this is not the case, init/main.c:init() will run prepare_namespace() to mount the final root  and exec one of the predefined init binaries.

 

    其中，第一种方式已经用过了，比如直接在mtdblock3上挂载jffs2根文件系统。第二种方式要分为两种情况，一种是image-initrd，一种是cpio-initrd。在host上普遍采用cpio-initrd了，但是在嵌入式系统上还是采用image-initrd多。本来想探讨一下如何使用cpio-initrd，没有结果，暂时放弃。第三种方式实际上就是把fs作到kernel中，实际的映像就是kernel+fs了。不过第三种方式对小系统来说合适，一旦这个映像比较大，那么更多的时间会消耗在解压缩上，反而得不偿失了。

 

    下面介绍一下第三种方式。

 

    One method of doing this is to use the initramfs function in the kernel. The kernel expects the image to be a gzipped CPIO archive. In the kernel source there are tools to create the CPIO archive. First we must create a file list from our file system (presumedly this is just the root of your current NFS mount).

 
/!!Remember that you need a 'init' file in /. You can just link to /sbin/init

 

·进入内核源代码

$ cd /path_to_linux_source

 

·产生cpio的对应文件里表
# scripts/gen_initramfs_list.sh /path_to_fs_root/ > cpio_list

·Next create the CPIO archive

# usr/gen_init_cpio cpio_list > initramfs.cpio

·Gzip the CPIO archive

$ gzip initramfs.cpio

·Now copy initramfs.cpio.gz to usr/initramfs_data.cpio.gz, and run the normal kernel make. You will notice that uImage is much larger (size = kernel + fs).

 

    最后把uImage烧写到对应区域，引导启动即可。这时候就不需要烧写root filesystem了。