第1章 简介
一些关于网络基 础的参考资料：
TCP/IP, volume 1, Principles, Protocols, and Architecture (fifth edition). Prentice Hall, 2005
Internetworking with TCP/IP, volume 3, Client-Server Programming and Applications (BSD version, second edition). Prentice Hall, 1996
Computer Networks: A Systems Approach (fourth edition). Morgan Kaufmann, 2007
TCP/IP Illustrated, volume 1, The Protocols. Addison-Wesley, 1994
TCP/IP Illustrated, volume 2, The Implementation. Addison-Wesley, 1995

1.1 网络、分组和协议
1.2 关于地址
    IPv6地址为128位。记录方法：2000:fdb8:0000:0000:0001:00ab:853c:
39a1。转换 132.3.23.7 is ::ffff:132.3.23.7 同时还需要IPv6 转发服务。
    端口号1 to 65,535 (0 is reserved).

    回环地址：IPv4 is 127.0.0.1;1 for IPv6 it is 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 (or just ::1).
    私有地址以及自动配置地址：（169.254.，whose first 16-bit chunk is FE80, FE90,FEA0, or FEB0 is a link-local address）
    多播地址：224 to 239. In IPv6, multicast addresses start with FF
1.3 关于名称
1.4 客户与服务器
    客户端一般需要知道服务器的地址和端口。知名端口列表：http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers。P2P其实也是CS模型的。
1.5 什么是套接字
    组成：Internet address, an end-to-end protocol (TCP or UDP), and a port number.